Quantum depletion and superfluid density of a supersolid in Raman spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases

Abstract

We theoretically investigate a three-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas with one-dimensional Raman-type spin-orbit coupling at zero temperature. By employing an improved ansatz, including high-order harmonics in the stripe phase, we show that the critical transition from the stripe to the plane-wave phases is shifted to a relatively larger Rabi frequency compared to the prediction by previous work [Li $\textit{et al.}$, Phys. Rev. Lett. $\textbf{108}$, 225301 (2012)] using a first-order stripe ansatz. We also determine the quantum depletion and superfluid density over a large range of Rabi frequency in different phases. The depletion exhibits an intriguing behavior with a discontinuous jump at the transition between the stripe and plane-wave phases, and a maximum at the transition between the plane-wave and zero-momentum phases. The superfluid density is derived through a phase-twist method. In the plane-wave and zero-momentum phases, it is significantly suppressed along the spin-orbit-coupling direction and vanishes at the transition, consistent with a recent work [Zhang $\textit{et al.}$, Phys. Rev. A $\textbf{94}$, 033635 (2016)], while in the stripe phase, it smoothly decreases with increasing Rabi frequency. Our predictions would be useful for further theoretical and experimental studies of the exotic supersolid stripe phase.