Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the inhibition toxicity to root elongation of Cucumis sativus of selected phenols and interspecies correlation with Tetrahymena pyriformis

Abstract

The comparative toxicities of selected phenols to higher plants Cucumis sativus were measured and the negative logarithm molar concentration of the root elongation median inhibition (IRC 50) were derived. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed to explore the toxicity influencing factors and for predictive purpose. The toxicity data, fell into two classes: polar narcosis and bio-reactive. For polar narcotic phenols, a highly significant two-parameter QSAR based on 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log K ow) and energy of the lowest unoccupied orbital ( E lumo) was derived ( IRC 50=0.77 logK ow −0.39E lumo +2.36 n=22 r 2=0.89) . The five bio-reactive chemicals proved to show elevated toxicity due to their typical substructure involved diverse reactive mechanisms. In an effort to model all chemicals, a robust multiple-variable QSAR combining log K ow, E lumo and Q max, the most negative net atomic charge, was developed ( IRC 50=0.65 logK ow −0.72E lumo +0.23Q max +2.81 n=27 r 2=0.94) , indicating that hydrophobicity, electrophilicity and hydrogen bond interaction contribute mainly to the phytotoxicity. The toxicological data was compared with Tetrahymena pyriformis 2-d population growth inhibition toxicity (IGC 50) and excellent interspecies correlations were observed both for the polar narcotics and for five reactive chemicals (for polar narcotics: IRC 50=0.95 IGC 50+1.07 n=16 r 2=0.89; for bio-reactive chemicals: IRC 50=0.98 IGC 50+2.19 n=5 r 2=0.97; and for all: IRC 50=0.93 IGC 50+1.63 n=21 r 2=0.87 ). This suggested that T. pyriformis toxicity could serve as a surrogate of C. sativus toxicity for phenols and interspecies correlation also could be established for reactive chemicals.