Abstract
Pleione maculata has no scientific reports on quantitative phytochemical and antibiofilm activity till date. The objective of the study was to quantify and determine medicinally important bioactivity in P. maculata and analyse its anti-biofilm activity against clinical isolates Staphyloccocus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. P. maculata exhibited the highest Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) about 193.98±0.1 mg, highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) at 552±0.0 mg and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were observed highest at 879.5±0.2 mg. The acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of P. maculata pseudobulb showed distinct and significant zone of inhibition (ZOI) against drug-resistant S.aureus about 16±0.00 mm (MIC 0.875 mg/mL), ZOI of acetonitrile pseudobulb extract against P. mirabilis was 15.33±0.4 mm (MIC 1 mg/mL), ZOI of acetonitrile extracts of leaves and stem, ethyl acetate extract of pseudobulb was 12±0.0 mm, 12±01.4 mm, 12±2.8 mm against K. pneumoniae (MIC 1.8 mg/mL, 0.68 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL). Acetonitrile extract of pseudobulbs exhibited the highest Minimum Biofilm Inhibition concentration (MBIC) at 0.25 mg/mL against S. aureus, water root extract inhibited attachment of K. pneumoniae with lowest MBIC value 0.093 mg/mL, water and acetone extract of leaves inhibited cell attachment of P. mirabilis at lowest MBIC 0.117 and 0.171 mg/mL. The UV-VIS absorption band of P. maculata extracts ranges from 204-665 nm indicating the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The study indicates the potentiality of P. maculata as a rich source of medicinal active compounds as an antibiofilm agent against antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates.
Highlights
Orchids are the largest flowering plants and most threatened species in the plant kingdom, with 25,000 to 35,000 species[1,2]
Acetone extract of leaves, water root extracts, ethyl acetate leaf extracts, and pseudobulb acetonitrile extracts inhibited 100%, 91%, 89%, 87%, and 86% attachment of P. mirabilis at the lowest dilution, 10−6, with Minimum Biofilm Inhibition concentration (MBIC) values of 0.117, 0.171, 0.090, 0.097, and 0.125 mg/ mL, respectively. These results indicate that P. maculata is as effective as many known medicinal plants and antimicrobial agents
Oxidative stress causes imbalances of oxygen species in the body. It results in health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, liver malfunction, and other complications caused by DNA damage
Summary
Orchids are the largest flowering plants and most threatened species in the plant kingdom, with 25,000 to 35,000 species[1,2]. The rare and largely unexplored orchid flora of Northeast India is a potential goldmine from the view of medicinally important molecules. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) put all Orchidaceae species under Appendix II to conserve biodiversity. It ensures that their trade is only through permits of export[6]. One such unexplored, rare epiphytic orchid in the scientific research field belongs to the genus Pleione. Pleione maculata is a medicinally important epiphytic[8] rare species and is autumn flowering. Plants include numerous phytoconstituents, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids, that generate and have various biological effects, including free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity, and anti-tumor activity[15]
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