Abstract
Increased exposition to blue light may induce many changes in cell behavior and significantly affect the critical characteristics of cells. Here we show that multimodal holographic microscopy (MHM) within advanced image analysis is capable of correctly distinguishing between changes in cell motility, cell dry mass, cell density, and cell death induced by blue light. We focused on the effect of blue light with a wavelength of 485 nm on morphological and dynamical parameters of four cell lines, malignant PC-3, A2780, G361 cell lines, and the benign PNT1A cell line. We used MHM with blue light doses 24 mJ/cm2, 208 mJ/cm2 and two kinds of expositions (500 and 1000 ms) to acquire real-time quantitative phase information about cellular parameters. It has been shown that specific doses of the blue light significantly influence cell motility, cell dry mass and cell density. These changes were often specific for the malignant status of tested cells. Blue light dose 208 mJ/cm2 × 1000 ms affected malignant cell motility but did not change the motility of benign cell line PNT1A. This light dose also significantly decreased proliferation activity in all tested cell lines but was not so deleterious for benign cell line PNT1A as for malignant cells. Light dose 208 mJ/cm2 × 1000 ms oppositely affected cell mass in A2780 and PC-3 cells and induced different types of cell death in A2780 and G361 cell lines. Cells obtained the least damage on lower doses of light with shorter time of exposition.
Highlights
Natural light is essential for the adjustment of circadian clocks and the coordination of cellular physiology
The results suggest that Holographic microscopy (HM) within advanced image analysis is capable of correctly distinguishing between changes in cell motility, cell dry mass, cell density, and cell death induced by blue light and that the impact of light is dependent on the exposure time and light intensity
We evaluated the effect of blue light (485 nm) on cell parameters such as proliferation activity, cell motility, and cell mass in three human cancer cell lines (A2780, PC-3, G361) and one non-malignant human cell line (PNT1A) using multimodal holographic microscopy (MHM)
Summary
Natural light is essential for the adjustment of circadian clocks and the coordination of cellular physiology. Emerging evidence suggests that increased exposure to artificial light can significantly influence important characteristics of cells. Other studies suggest that blue light changes the redox state of the cell causing oxidative stress and alter mitochondrial activity [2,3] or that green light can change gene expression [4]. Studies on model organisms suggest that visible light can exert a range of detrimental effects. A single acute blue light exposure causes cell death of photoreceptors in the retina of mice and flies [6,7]. PDT represents an important treatment approach as it uses a photosensitizer and visible light to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells [8,9]
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