Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the contents of methylxanthines, caffeine and theobromine, and phenolic compounds, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, in 51 mate progenies (half-sib families) and estimate the heritability of genetic parameters. Mate progenies were from five Brazilian municipalities: Pinhão, Ivaí, Barão de Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu, and Cascavel. The progenies were grown in the Ivaí locality. The contents of the compounds were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The estimation of genetic parameters by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and the prediction of genotypic values via best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were obtained by the Selegen - REML/BLUP software. Caffeine (0.248-1.663%) and theobromine (0.106-0.807%) contents were significantly different (p<0.05) depending on the region of origin, with high individual heritability (ĥ²>0.5). The two different progeny groups determined for chlorogenic (1.365-2.281%) and caffeic (0.027-0.037%) acid contents were not significantly different (p<0.05) depending on the locality of origin. Individual heritability values were low to medium for chlorogenic (ĥ²<0.4) and caffeic acid (ĥ²<0.3). The content of the compounds and the values of genetic parameters could support breeding programs for mate.
Highlights
IntroductionMate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.), a species of the family Aquifoliaceae, is native to southern South America, and almost 80% of its natural occurrence is in the five southernmost states of Brazil, where it shows relevant economic and social importance
Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds are the main chemical compounds found in mate
The interesting fact verified in the present study is that mate progenies comprising low caffeine contents showed high theobromine contents, which was confirmed by the inverse correlation between these methylxanthines
Summary
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.), a species of the family Aquifoliaceae, is native to southern South America, and almost 80% of its natural occurrence is in the five southernmost states of Brazil, where it shows relevant economic and social importance. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds are the main chemical compounds found in mate. The main methylxanthine is caffeine (0.89–1.73%), followed by theobromine, and small amounts of theophylline (Cardozo Junior et al, 2007). Biological properties such as antioxidant (Schinella et al, 2000), eupeptic, choleretic (Gorzalczany et al, 2001), and hypocholesterolemic (Gugliucci, 1996) have been associated with the chemical compounds of mate
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