Abstract
Deep-sea mining has been a subject of interest for several groups and countries for over four decades, due to its potential for the economic recovery of large reserves of minerals that would provide an alternative resource of strategic metals for industrial development. A deep-sea mining operation will offer a variety of challenges, owing to deep-sea mineral occurrences, extreme physical and chemical conditions and unknown environmental settings. Owing to growing concern for the environmental impact of deep-sea mining, multi-disciplinary environmental studies have been progressive in many countries. The historic approaches in the world are summarized. The important role of quantified environmental assessment for deep-sea mining is introduced. Some efforts necessary for keeping benthic habitat safe and sustainable in the coming commercial mining phases are discussed.
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