Quantitative Determination of Triterpenes from Amphiptherygium adstringens by Liquid Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography and Morphological Analysis of Cuachalalate Preparations

Abstract

Amphiptherygium adstringens (Anacardiaceae/Julianaceae), local name "cuachalalate," is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cholelithiasis, fevers, fresh wounds, hypercholesterolemia, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The development of column high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (LC-PDA) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry methods for the determination of masticadienonic acid and 3-hydroxymasticadienonic acid in cuachalalate preparations is described in this paper. Good separation of the compounds could be achieved by both methods. Either might be preparable depending on the requirements. The LC separation was performed on a Phenomenex Synergi MAX-RP 80A reversed-phase column operated at 40 degrees C with detection at 215 nm. The plant materials were extracted with methanol by sonication. The triterpenes present in the plant material and commercial extracts were separated with an acetonitrile-water reagent alcohol isocratic system. The limit of detection was 0.1-0.2 microg/mL. The relative standard deviation values for the determination of triterpenes in plant extracts were less than 1.00%. This is the first report of an analytical method developed for the quantitative analysis of triterpenes from Amphiptherygium adstringens by LC-PDA and HPTLC. The stem bark showed higher amounts of triterpenes, and low amounts in root and stem root. The microscopic description of the crude drug of cuachalalate was also provided.