Quantitative Determination of Cd and Pb in Tissues and Organs of Chickens Raised in El-Jabel Alakhder Region—Libya

Ramadan E Abdolgader,Ramadan A Hussain,Salah M Hasan,Agoub A Agoub

doi:10.4236/fns.2013.48098

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the concentration of Cd, and Pb in the tissues of thigh, breast, liver, heart, gizzard, neck and skin of chicken. All samples were collected in the summer of 2004 from three different commercial farms of chickens production located in different areas of EL-Jabal Alakhder region at Libya country (Gernada, EL-Abrak and Sousa). For comparison, the metals were also determined in the same tissues of the chickens which produced in the national station of poultry production at EL-Akhoria city. The metals in the chickens feed and in water for both drinking and cleaning inside the slaughter house were also determined. The results revealed that the highest concentrations of Cd were found in neck, liver and heart while the neck and skin tissues contained the highest level of Pb. However, the tissues of thigh and breast flesh had the lowest level of metals. The levels of Cd in the different tissues ranged from 0.008 to 0.227 ppm and from 0.093 to 2.391 ppm for Pb. The results revealed that the levels of Cd in neck from all farms, liver from both EL-Akhoria and Gernada farms. Levels of Pb in the neck and skin from all farms were exceeding the permitted limits according to some European regulations. The results also indicate that the high concentrations of Cd in some tissues were due to the effect of high levels of these metals in the feed of birds. However the drinking and cleaning water had no effects on the level of the metals in the different tissues.

Highlights

Pollution of the environmental with heavy metals is a serious problem which is recognized in most countries of the world [1].Trace metals have been introduced to the environmental both through natural processes and as a consequence of human activities such as industrialization or fuel combustion [2].The toxicity of lead is attributed to the fact that it interferes with the normal function of enzymes
The metals were determined in the same tissues of the chickens which produced in the national station of poultry production at EL-Akhoria city
The results indicate that the high concentrations of Cd in some tissues were due to the effect of high levels of these metals in the feed of birds

Summary

Introduction

Pollution of the environmental with heavy metals is a serious problem which is recognized in most countries of the world [1].Trace metals have been introduced to the environmental both through natural processes and as a consequence of human activities such as industrialization or fuel combustion [2].The toxicity of lead is attributed to the fact that it interferes with the normal function of enzymes. Pollution of the environmental with heavy metals is a serious problem which is recognized in most countries of the world [1]. Trace metals have been introduced to the environmental both through natural processes and as a consequence of human activities such as industrialization or fuel combustion [2]. The toxicity of lead is attributed to the fact that it interferes with the normal function of enzymes. Biopolar lead forms strong bonds with enzymes bearing sulfhydryl groups inhibiting their action. Lead is toxic to the blood and the nervous, urinary, gastric and genital system. It is implicated in causing carcinogenesis mutagenesis and teratogenesis in experimental animals [3]

Objectives

Methods

Results