Abstract
Objectives:Epidemiologic studies have suggested periodontitis as a risk factor for Coronary Artery Diseas (CAD). Detection of periopathogens in atheromatous plaque provides some evidence for the causal relationship between these two conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and quantity of periopathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery.Methods:20 patients who were candidates for endarterectomy were enrolled in this study for the periodontal examination. Subgingival and coronary atherosclerotic plaque samples were then collected. Thereafter, quantitative detection ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivali (P.g), and all bacteria detected by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) were measured. The correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the relationship between quantities of periopathogens in atherosclerotic and subgingival plaque samples.Results:A.awas detected in 13 patients (65%) with subgingival plaques and 4 patients (20%) with atherosclerotic plaques. In addition,P.gwas found in 15 patients (75%) with subgingival and 10 patients (50%) with atherosclerotic plaques.A.arepresented means of 2.7% and 10.04% of detected bacteria in both atherosclerotic and subgingival plaque samples, respectively. The mean of quantity ofP.gwas 10.85% and 12.87% of the detected bacteria obtained from atherosclerotic and subginigival samples, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the quantities ofA.ain the atherosclerotic and subgingival plaques, but such a significant relationship was not found forP.g.Conclusion:This study confirmed the detection ofA.aandP.gin atheromatous plaque. The quantitative data suggested that periopathogens comprise a significant proportion of atherosclerotic plaque microbiome, which may consequently contribute to the development of CAD.
Highlights
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide
The quantitative data suggested that periopathogens comprise a significant proportion of atherosclerotic plaque microbiome, which may contribute to the development of Coronary Artery Diseas (CAD)
The concomitant detection of A.a and P.g was observed in 18 subgingival plaque samples (90%) and 10 atherosclerotic plaque samples (50%)
Summary
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Previous studies showed that a higher prevalence of the atherosclerotic disease is among patients with inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontium and its advanced form is characterized by alveolar bone loss, which could lead to tooth loss [3]. The result of previous studies showed that periodontitis might be associated with the atherosclerotic disease even after the adjustment for known risk factors such as smoking and diabetes [5]. Some authors proposed that except for the common risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, socioeconomic factors, and high blood pressure, inflammation like chronic periodontitis is suggested as another factor contributing to the development of CVD [6]
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