Abstract
Polyporus umbellatus is a well-known and important medicinal fungus in Asia. Its polysaccharides possess interesting bioactivities such as antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. A qualitative and quantitative method has been established for the analysis of 12 monosaccharides comprising polysaccharides of Polyporus umbellatus based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–ion trap–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The hydrolysis conditions of the polysaccharides were optimized by orthogonal design. The results of optimized hydrolysis were as follows: neutral sugars and uronic acids 4 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 6 h, 120 °C; and amino sugars 3 mol/L TFA, 3 h, 100 °C. The resulting monosaccharides derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone have been well separated and analyzed by the established method. Identification of the monosaccharides was carried out by analyzing the mass spectral behaviors and chromatography characteristics of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeled monosaccharides. The results showed that polysaccharides in Polyporus umbellatus were composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, lyxose, erythrose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose. Quantitative recoveries of these monosaccharides in the samples were in the range of 96.10–103.70%. This method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the identification and quantification of monosaccharides, and can be applied to the quality control of Polyporusumbellatus as a natural medicine.
Highlights
Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries, known as “Zhu Ling” in China, belongs to the Polyporaceae family of the Basidiomycota phylum [1,2]
As for glucose, according to the R values, we found that hydrolysis time played the critical role in the hydrolysis process, followed by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) concentration and hydrolysis temperature
This study showed that all Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide (PPS) samples contain mannose and fucose, which may partially explain the immune-enhancement activity of the sample
Summary
Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries, known as “Zhu Ling” in China, belongs to the Polyporaceae family of the Basidiomycota phylum [1,2]. It is a widely used medicinal fungus in Asia, especially in China and Japan, and has been one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines for more than 2500 years [3]. The physiological activities of polysaccharides depend on the composition of monosaccharides [11], and identifying this composition is the very first step to unveil relevant physicochemical properties, and structure–activity relationships. Monosaccharide composition is an essential parameter for the quality evaluation of polysaccharide [12]
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