Quantitative Analysis of Iron Activity in Agricultural Soils Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry: Comparative Study with an Undisturbed Reference Site in Niankhene, Senegal

Abstract

An essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, iron (Fe) affects a number of physiological processes, including respiration and photosynthesis. This study compare the amounts of iron in agricultural zones and reference zones, describe the geographic distribution of iron, and assess its accessibility to cultures. The aim is to assess the deficiencies and excess soil disturbance in the Niankhène agricultural site while maintaining a stable site. Soil samples were taken at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths from 47 agricultural stations and three reference points using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Significant variation in Fe concentrations was found by the research, with an average of roughly 3310.95 ppm and moderate variation between samples. An analysis conducted in comparison with reference locations revealed a widespread lack of Fe in the research area, with 85.71% of samples displaying depletion and only 14.29% displaying accumulation of Fe. This discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of focused soil management techniques to raise Niankhene's agricultural output. The results highlight how crucial it is to use site-specific soil management strategies in order to overcome Fe deficits and raise crop yields. This research highlights the possibility for establishing targeted fertilization and corrective procedures to maximize Fe availability by utilizing XRF technology for reliable soil nutrient monitoring. The study's findings offer insightful information for enhancing fertilization techniques and improving soil management techniques, which will support sustainable farming methods and increased crop yield in the area.