Abstract
AbstractEffective transparent barrier/encapsulation systems represent a key enabling technology for large‐area electronics. Securing stability to the environment is vital. Here, the effects of architectures, application processes, and water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of transparent flexible ultra‐high permeation barrier films (UHPBF) applied to substrates with adhesive resins are unraveled for attaining long lifetime, and compared with polyethylene terephthalate and glass barriers. How strongly performance of barrier/adhesive systems depends on barrier orientation, adhesion, manipulation, defects, and storage procedures is quantified via calcium tests. Furthermore, it is found that introducing an additional adhesion‐promoting layer on the standard UHPBF stack reduces WVTRs by a factor of 5 compared to barriers without it. Finally, barriers are used for sealing and encapsulation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) enabling the extraction of a relationship between WVTRs of barrier/adhesive systems and degradation rates (DR) of PSCs. DR fall exponentially when WVTRs decrease from 101 to 10−3 g m−2 d−1. Outside that range any gains or losses are mitigated by tailing of the sigmoid curve relating the two parameters. Results highlight important factors which will help those developing strategies relating to encapsulation, barrier, adhesive and sealant systems and stable optoelectronic devices on glass and flexible substrates.
Highlights
The industry of large area optoelectronics is progressing rapidly
The ultra-high permeation barrier films (UHPBF) must be kept in an inert atmosphere (N2 or Argon) or dried before their application because barriers absorb water and oxygen which can be released into devices when they are encapsulated and operated
We were able to extract an empirical mathematical relationship between the permeation rate of barriers (WVTR) and the degradation rate (DR) of perovskite solar cells based on the results obtained by electrical calcium test and shelf-life test, respectively
Summary
From photovoltaic modules to flat panel displays, the markets for the more mature technologies, and research for the emerging technologies, are increasing year by year Among these are organic, metal oxide, and organo-hybrid perovskite semiconductor transistor, light-emitting diodes and solar cells based systems [1,2,3,4]. Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have seen a huge interest reaching certified record efficiencies of 23.3% at standard test conditions (AM1.5G, 1000 W m-2, 25 C) [10] within only 10 years of development Further they reach highest power output densities under artificial indoor illumination (i.e. 20.2 μW cm-2 at 200 lx [11]) which make them a bright candidate for energy harvesting outdoors and for indoor IoT devices, sensors and small consumer electronics [12] even for flexible substrates under artificial lighting[13,14]. PSC degradation rates (DRs) allowed us to extract the influence of permeation barriers and their WVTR on the degradation rates/failure of solar cells, and, for the first time for PSCs, an empirical relationship between the degradation rate of the cell and the WVTR of the applied permeation barrier/sealant system
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
