Quantifying households’ carbon footprint in cities using socioeconomic attributes: A case study for The Hague (Netherlands)

Abstract

Cities consume almost 80 percent of world’s energy and account for 60 percent of all the emissions of carbon dioxide and significant amounts of other greenhouse gases (GHG). The ongoing rapid urbanization will further increase GHG emissions of cities. The quantification of the environmental impact generated in cities is an important step to curb the impact. In fact, quantifying the consumption activities taking place inside a city, if differentiated by socioeconomic and demographic groups, can provide important insights for sustainable-consumption policies. However, the lack of high-resolution data related to these activities makes it difficult to quantify urban GHG emissions (as well as other impacts). This paper presents a methodology that can quantify the carbon footprint of households in cities using consumption data from a national or European level, where the resource consumption is linked to socioeconomic attributes of a population. The methodology is applied to analyzing the environmental impact by household resource consumption in the city of The Hague in the Netherlands. The key insights reveal potential intervention areas regarding resource consumption categories and demographic groups that can be targeted to reduce GHG emissions due to consumption-driven activities in the city. • Demographic clustering to realize a socio-economic segmentation of the population. • Regression and data-driven models applied at district level to derive resource consumption. • Carbon emissions calculated by matching resource consumption with process-based LCI database. • Mobility, household waste and energy use account for 70% of carbon emissions in The Hague. • An estimated potential reduction of 30% carbon emissions in the mobility sector for The Hague.