Abstract
The ongoing electrification of the heat and transport sectors is expected to lead to a substantial increase in peak electricity demand over the coming decades, which may drive significant investment in network reinforcement in order to maintain a secure supply of electricity to consumers. The traditional way of security provision has been based on conventional investments such as the upgrade of the capacity of electricity transmission or distribution lines. However, energy storage can also provide security of supply. In this context, the current paper presents a methodology for the quantification of the security contribution of energy storage, based on the use of mathematical optimization for the calculation of the F-factor metric, which reflects the optimal amount of peak demand reduction that can be achieved as compared to the power capability of the corresponding energy storage asset. In this context, case studies underline that the F-factors decrease with greater storage power capability and increase with greater storage efficiency and energy capacity as well as peakiness of the load profile. Furthermore, it is shown that increased investment in energy storage per system bus does not increase the overall contribution to security of supply.
Highlights
The transition towards a low-carbon electricity supply will necessitate high degrees of security of supply in order to successfully address challenges related to load growth and the increased integration of renewable sources of energy
Profile 1, which corresponds to the primary substation, has a peak demand of 7036 kW, while profile 2, which corresponds to the bulk supply point (BSP) substation, has a peak of 170,363 while profile 2, which corresponds to the bulk supply point (BSP) substation, has a peak of 170,363 kW
The reason for such reduction in F-factors is based on the definition of the F-factor metric as the ratio of the achieved peak demand reduction divided by the storage power capability
Summary
Energy storage (ES) can constitute a technology option that can provide the required security of supply as well as a wide range of benefits to the electricity system operation and investment Such benefits include strategic investment flexibility for the network planner to hedge against exogenous and endogenous uncertainty [1,2], support for the real-time balancing of electricity supply and demand [3] through the provision of ancillary services [4], power quality improvement [5], decentralized coordination of distributed energy resources within microgrids [6] and provision of security of supply through reduction of peak demand [7,8,9] via temporal arbitrage [10]. There are optimistic estimates about the future capacity of energy storage, such as in the annual Energy Futures report of National Grid which has assessed that the capacity of ES connected to distribution networks could exceed 13GW by the year
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