Abstract
The genus Angelica encompasses 80 species worldwide. Among them, only Angelica sinensis is widely used in China and Japan. To explore the quality and geographical distribution of A. sinensis, we collected 1,530 plants from Gansu Province and analyzed them for their contents of chlorogenic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I(SI), senkyunolide A(SA), senkyunolide H (SH), coniferyl ferulate (CF), ligustilide (LI), and butenyl phthalide (BP) using UPLC. We also assessed the relationship between the ecological environment and quality of A. sinensis through maximum entropy modeling and a geographical information system. The habitat suitability distribution demonstrated that the most influential ecological factors for the growth of A. sinensis were altitude, precipitation during March, May, and December, precipitation during the wettest month, and the soil pH. The most suitable areas for cultivation are concentrated to the south of Gansu Province, including Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Dingxi City, Tianshui City, south of Wuwei City, east of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, north of Longnan City, and northwest of Pingliang City. The quality suitability regionalization analysis divulged that the most influential ecological factors for the index components of A. sinensis were the altitude, sunshine, rainfall, temperature, and soil pH. The highest quality A. sinensis grow in Dingxi City, Tangchang, Lixian, and Wen counties in Longnan City, Wushan County in Tianshui City, Lintan, Zhouqu, and Zhuoni counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangle and Linxia counties in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The experiment yielded highly accurate results (accuracy of 0.955), suggesting that the results were consistent with the actual distribution of A. sinensis in Gansu. The inferences of this research will naturally draw the attention of the authorities in the fields of natural resources and agriculture departments and provide a scientific basis for the rational selection of A. sinensis cultivation areas.
Highlights
The root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae family) is used as a health supplement and drug in Asian countries and a dietary supplement in women’s care in Europe [1,2,3]
The contents of chlorogenic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), SI, senkyunolide A (SA), senkyunolide H (SH), coniferyl ferulate (CF), LI, and butenyl phthalide (BP) in A. sinensis samples agreed with the regulations specified in the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015), and they can be used as Environmental variables altitude prec3 prec5 bio13 prec12 pH bio2 bio7 bio3
A. sinensis is primarily distributed to the south of Gansu Province, and the distribution areas are concentrated
Summary
The root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae family) is used as a health supplement and drug in Asian countries and a dietary supplement in women’s care in Europe [1,2,3]. A. sinensis has been cultivated in China for more than 2,000 years. The root of this herb is an important traditional Chinese medicine, primarily prescribed for tonifying the blood and treating anemia, rheumatism, and menstrual disorders. This plant is primarily cultivated in the Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Hubei Provinces in China [4,5,6]. Maxent and ArcGIS techniques have been used for the first time to conduct a regionalization study on the quality of A. sinensis. Using Maxent modeling, we identified the suitable areas in Gansu for cultivating high-quality A. sinensis species and promoting their cultivation in such suitable areas
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