Abstract
Micronutrient (iron, zinc and boron) deficiencies are a basic and prominent factor affecting grape quality and yield in the Pothwar region. To overcome these deficiencies, different levels of micronutrients were applied foliarly on grapevines at five different berry developmental stages during two consecutive growing seasons (2018 and 2019). The data suggested that foliar treatment of micronutrients significantly increased the yield, number of bunches per vine, bunch weight, yield per vines, bunch length, berry number per cluster, berry diameter, berry weight and cluster compactness. The biochemical quality attributes of berries, including sugars (reducing, non-reducing as well as total sugars), ascorbic acid content, pH and TSS values, were at their highest levels in grapevines supplemented with Fe, Zn and B treatment at 200 ppm, respectively, i.e., the highest concentrations used. Biochemical leaf values, including chlorophyll a and b and leaf micronutrient content (Fe, Zn and B), were also highest in grapevines that were sprayed with Fe, Zn and B at 200 ppm. Overall, the results revealed that the performance of grapevine cv. ‘Flame Seedless’ growing in agroclimatic conditions of the Pothwar region was improved as a result of the foliar application of Fe, Zn and B at 200 ppm. The results also suggested that a further increase in the concentration of each nutrient might be helpful to obtain berries of improved quantity and quality.
Highlights
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) belongs to the family Vitaceae and is native to the riverbanks of Asia, North Ameria and Europe
Foliar application of different micronutrients (Fe, Zn and B) on grapevines during two years of study (2018 and 2019) significantly increased almost all yield characteristics compared to the control (Tables 2 and 3)
Foliar application of B increased fruit yield in naval orange [36] and comparative observations regarding B application were reported in grapevines [31,37], whereas Fe regulated functions directly influencing fruit setting, fruit retention percentage, bunch number per vine, bunch length, berry number per bunch, berry diameter, bunch weight, bunch compactness, berry weight and yield per vine [38,39]
Summary
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) belongs to the family Vitaceae and is native to the riverbanks of Asia, North Ameria and Europe It is considered the highest ranked fruit in the world because of its manifold benefits [1] and has gained significant importance due to its high nutritional value, taste, multiple uses and the superior returns obtained by farmers [2]. The yield of grapes in Pakistan is just four tons per hectare, which is very low when compared with other high-yielding countries including Brazil, which produces more than 25 tons per hectare This minor level of production as compared to developed countries is due to poor management practices, a poor nutritional profile, the unavailability of improved crop materials and the lack of research work in the region, affecting the production of grapes
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