Abstract
Diabetes complications, medication adherence, and psychosocial well-being have been associated with quality of life (QOL) among several Western and Asian populations with diabetes, however, there is little evidence substantiating these relationships among Malaysia’s unique and diverse population. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a Malaysian public primary care clinic among 150 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Structured and validated questionnaires were used to investigate the associations between demographic, clinical, and psychological factors with QOL of the study participants. Approximately three-quarters of patients had a good-excellent QOL. Diabetes-related variables that were significantly associated with poor QOL scores included insulin containing treatment regimens, poor glycemic control, inactive lifestyle, retinopathy, neuropathy, abnormal psychosocial well-being, higher diabetes complication severity, and nonadherence (p < 0.05). The main predictors of a good-excellent QOL were HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (aOR = 20.78, 95% CI = 2.5175.9, p = 0.005), normal anxiety levels (aOR = 5.73, 95% CI = 1.8–18.5, p = 0.004), medication adherence (aOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.3–8.7, p = 0.012), and an aDCSI score of one and two as compared to those greater than or equal to four (aOR = 7.78, 95% CI = 1.5–39.2, p = 0.013 and aOR = 8.23, 95% CI = 2.1–32.8, p = 0.003), respectively. Medication adherence has also been found to be an effect modifier of relationships between HbA1c, depression, anxiety, disease severity, and QOL. These predictors of QOL are important factors to consider when managing patients with T2DM.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders of various causes that are marked by hyperglycemia
The population analyzed was a multiethnic group consisting of Malays, Indians, and Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who presented to the diabetes clinic for their follow up with their respective doctors
This study revealed that certain diabetes complications and increasing complication severity were associated with poorer quality of life (QOL)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders of various causes that are marked by hyperglycemia. Diabetes is an increasingly important medical and public health issue. Despite medical advances in the field of diabetes, the prevalence of T2DM continues to rise globally. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in 2015, reported that approximately 415 million adults were affected by DM among which 20% were Southeast Asians. These numbers are projected to rise to 642 million by 2040 [2]. In Malaysia, the prevalence of T2DM, according to the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), has gone up from 6.3% in 1986 to.
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