Abstract
The main objetive was to compare 30:2 and 15:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio in two simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) models with single rescuer. The secondary aim was to analyze the errors or omissions made during resuscitation. A prospective randomized parallel controlled study comparing 15:2 and 30:2 ratio in two manikins (child and infant) was developed. The CPR was performed by volunteers who completed an basic CPR course. Each subject did 4 CPR sessions of 3 minutes each one. Depth and rate of chest compressions (CC) during resuscitation were measured using a Zoll Z series defibrillator. Visual assessment of resuscitation was performed by an external researcher. A total of 26 volunteers performed 104 CPR sessions. Between 54–62% and 44–53% of CC were performed with an optimal rate and depth, respectively, with no significant differences. No differences were found in depth or rate of CC between 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio with both manikins. In the assessment of compliance with the ERC CPR algorithm, 69.2–80.8% of the subjects made some errors or omissions during resuscitation, the most frequent was not asking for help and not giving rescue breaths. The conclusions were that a high percentage of CC were not performed with optimal depth and rate. Errors or omissions were frequently made by rescuers during resuscitation.
Highlights
Pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) is an important health problem since it has high mortality (52–80%) and a large proportion of survivors suffer from permanent and severe neurologic disability[1,2,3,4]
The main objective was to compare the quality of chest compressions and performance of single rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) comparing two compressions-to-ventilation ratios 15:2 and 30:2 in a simulated scenario with two manikins
The CPR was performed by medical students and pediatric residents and two manikins were used: infant and child model
Summary
Pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) is an important health problem since it has high mortality (52–80%) and a large proportion of survivors suffer from permanent and severe neurologic disability (poor outcome in 20–50%)[1,2,3,4]. The 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines recommend a synchronized 15:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio during basic pediatric CPR1,8,9. Different recommendations for the compression-to-ventilation ratio between children (15:2 ratio) and adults (30:2 ratio) could increase the errors or omissions and impair learning. In adult simulation models[12,13,14], there are different studies that compare the quality of CC in both compression-to-ventilation ratio. There are no previous studies comparing the quality of CC between 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio during pediatric CPR conducted by volunteers training in basic life support. The hypothesis of the study is that the quality of chest compressions is the same with 15:2 as 30:2 ventilation-to-compression ratio in a pediatric simulation model. The secondary aim was to describe the visual assessment of the quality of resuscitation in both scenarios
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