Abstract
It was established that studied meat raw material from young bulls of different breeds (Group I — red steppe, Group II — black-andwhite, Group III — Kalmyk, 15 animals per group) was balanced by amino acid and fatty acid composition and by fatty acid ratio. In terms of safety, it corresponds to all parameters standardized in SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. The biological value of meat from beef bulls is higher compared to dairy bulls by 3.7% and 0.9%. In all groups, the essential amino acid content in meat proteins exceeds the values recommended by FAO/WHO for humans. Oleic acid had the highest concentration in the intramuscular fat (38.71, 39.02, 40.16% in Groups I, II and III, respectively). Palmitic acid content in the sample of intramuscular fat from red steppe bulls was 26.40%, in black-and-white bulls — 25.86%, and in Kalmyk bulls — 25.07%. Stearic acid concentration was 21.09%, 21.95% and 20.41% in Groups I, II and III, respectively. Thus, the intramuscular fat of Kalmyk bulls is characterized by a lower content of saturated fatty acids compared to herdmates from Groups I and II: palmitic acid by 1.33% and 0.79%, stearic acid by 0.68% and 1, 54% and myristic acid by 0.37% and 0.15%, respectively. The content of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and myristic) in intramuscular fat samples from Group I was higher than in Groups II and III, and the content of stearic acid was the lowest. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration in the intramuscular fat of all breeds is sufficiently high. Thus, total PUFA content in Group I was 5.64%, in Group II — 6.42% and in Group III — 7.18%. While differences in PUFA content were insignificant, animals in Group III had a higher PUFA level compared to Groups I and II by 1.54 and 0.76%, respectively. Ecologically pure food product has been obtained in the Southern Urals with its increased anthropogenic burden on natural and agricultural ecosystems. In Group III, lead content is lower than in Groups I and II by 15.8 and 30.4%, copper content is lower by 54.5 and 60.0% and cadmium content is lower by 50.0%. The content of cesium, as a radionuclide, does not exceed the specifications and is equal to 3.0 Bq/kg.
Highlights
Troubles with nutrition in the Russian population, high level of stress and environmental pollution has already led to a significant deterioration in health indicators of Russians
More than half of the population have an excessive weight; 30% of children and 40% of pregnant women have low hemoglobin level; incidence of thyroid gland disorders is high; morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis are very high. These indicators reflect the lack of essential nutritional factors, as well as the excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, the lack of coarse food, microelements, vitamins and fatty acids
It is known that each breed is characterized by its unique protein composition, so we studied the biological value of protein in muscle tissue of different breeds (Table 2)
Summary
Troubles with nutrition in the Russian population, high level of stress and environmental pollution has already led to a significant deterioration in health indicators of Russians. More than half of the population have an excessive weight; 30% of children and 40% of pregnant women have low hemoglobin level; incidence of thyroid gland disorders is high; morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis are very high. In many respects, these indicators reflect the lack of essential nutritional factors, as well as the excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, the lack of coarse food, microelements, vitamins and fatty acids. In the age of technical progress and hypodynamia, not the calories but the presence of physiologically active substances determines food value [1,2,3,4]
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