Qualitative and quantitative analysis on crocins in fruits of Gardenia species

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare crocins in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides and Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans. Acchrom XCharge C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation, with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprint of crocin in Gardenia species was established by testing 20 batches of G. jasminoides and 8 batches of G. jasminoides var. radicans samples from different sources, and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology and reference substances were used to predict and identify the common peaks. The results showed that 20 common chromatographic peaks from the samples were selected and the structures of 16 common peaks were predicted by mass spectrum. Four common peaks(crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ) were identified by the comparison with reference substances. The content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ was determined simultaneously under the same chromatographic condition, and both the system suitability and the methodological investigation results met the requirements of content determination. The relative similarity of HPLC fingerprint of 28 samples to the reference fingerprint was above 0.98. The results of cluster analysis(CA) showed that G. jasminoides and G. jasminoides var. radicans were separately grouped into one group. In the 20 batches of G. jasminoides, the content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, and Ⅲ was between 3.58-9.58, 0.230-1.452, 0.014 5-0.135, and 0.301-1.12 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and the total content was between 4.12-12.25 mg·g~(-1). In the 8 batches of G. jasminoides var. radicans, the content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, and Ⅲ was between 5.84-11.48, 0.308-0.898, 0.010 6-0.025 5, and 0.675-1.34 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and the total content was between 6.97-13.72 mg·g~(-1). The existing results showed that there is a certain similarity between G. jasminoides and G. jasminoides var. radicans in the composition of crocin, which needs further proved by more batches of samples. The method established in this paper provides references for the quality control of G. jasminoides, G. jasminoides var. radicans, and related products.