Abstract
Purpose: Approximately 4500 NHS lumbar spinal fusion surgery (LSFS) procedures are performed annually, at an estimated annual cost of £26 million. Low-level evidence suggests inconclusive/variable outcomes for LSFS. However, meta-analyses of data from observational studies have demonstrated clinically relevant improvement in leg pain, back pain and disability long-term. UK surveys investigating physiotherapy/surgeon practice have identified that decisions regarding surgery and rehabilitation should be patient-specific owing to considerable clinical heterogeneity.
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