Abstract
Time-harmonic acoustic waves interact with a scatterer: this interaction is calculated using linear, first-order theory. However, there are quadratic, second-order quantities that are of interest. These include the scattering cross-section and the steady radiation force; these quantities can be expressed as integrals of products of first-order quantities over a sphere. These integrals are evaluated exactly. The results are infinite series of products of the coefficients in the spherical multipole expansions of the incident and scattered fields; they do not depend on the radius of the spherical integration surface. For a specific scattering problem, the coefficients can be connected by an appropriate T-matrix. In most previous work, the spherical surface is moved to infinity so that far-field quantities can be introduced: it is shown that this process is not straightforward and it may introduce spurious difficulties.
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