Abstract
Aluminum (Al3+) toxicity is a typical abiotic stress that severely limits crop production in acidic soils. In this study, an RIL (recombinant inbred line, F12) population derived from the cross of Zhonghuang 24 (ZH 24) and Huaxia 3 (HX 3) (160 lines) was tested using hydroponic cultivation. Relative root elongation (RRE) and apical Al3+ content (AAC) were evaluated for each line, and a significant negative correlation was detected between the two indicators. Based on a high-density genetic linkage map, the phenotypic data were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits. With composite interval mapping (CIM) of the linkage map, five QTLs that explained 39.65% of RRE and AAC variation were detected on chromosomes (Chrs) Gm04, Gm16, Gm17 and Gm19. Two new QTLs, qRRE_04 and qAAC_04, were located on the same region of bin93-bin94 on Chr Gm04, which explained 7.09% and 8.98% phenotypic variation, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the expression analysis of candidate genes in the five genetic regions of the QTLs showed that six genes (Glyma.04g218700, Glyma.04g212800, Glyma.04g213300, Glyma.04g217400, Glyma.04g216100 and Glyma.04g220600) exhibited significant differential expression between the Al3+ treatment and the control of two parents. The results of qRT-PCR analysis indicated that Glyma.04g218700 was upregulated by Al3+ treatment with the hundreds-fold increased expression level and may be a candidate gene with potential roles in the response to aluminum stress. Therefore, our efforts will enable future functional analysis of candidate genes and will contribute to the strategies for improvement of aluminum tolerance in soybean.
Highlights
Aluminum (Al3+) toxicity is one of the major factors affecting crop production on acidic soils worldwide [1, 2]
The objectives of the present study were to develop a high-density genetic map using bin markers with Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology to identify Quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the traits of aluminum tolerance in the F12 Recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of Zhonghuang 24 (ZH 24) and Huaxia 3 (HX 3) and to analyse candidate genes that may influence aluminum tolerance using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis
Comparative analysis showed that the condition with 25 μΜ [Al3+] and the 24-h treatment exhibited the highest coefficient of variation (CV) (20.20%), which provided the greatest degree of dispersion among the five lines (Fig 1)
Summary
Aluminum (Al3+) toxicity is one of the major factors affecting crop production on acidic soils worldwide [1, 2]. The primary location of Al3+ toxicity is at the root tip where Al3+ binds to the cell wall [4]. Changes in some components of the cell wall lead to a limited capacity of damaged roots for absorption of sufficient water and nutrients from soil [2]. The damaged root impeded the growth of shoot, and eventually reduced the yield of crops. Soybean is one of the most important crops in the subtropical zone and is damaged by Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil. Investigation of the traits associated with Al3+ toxicity via a combination of identified soybean germplasms and sequencing technology is of great significance
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