Abstract
Wheat yield can be enhanced by modifying the spike morphology and the plant height. In this study, a population of 191 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between two winter cultivars Yumai 8679 and Jing 411. A dense genetic linkage map with 10,816 markers was constructed by incorporating single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker information. Five spike morphological traits and plant height were evaluated under nine environments for the RILs and parental lines, and the number of detected environmentally stable QTLs were 18 and three, respectively. The 1RS/1BL (rye) translocation increased both spike length and spikelet number with constant spikelet compactness. The QPht.cau-2D.1 was identical to gene Rht8, which decreased spike length without modifying spikelet number. Notably, four novel QTLs locating on chromosomes 1AS (QSc.cau-1A.1), 2DS (QSc.cau-2D.1), and 7BS (QSl.cau-7B.1 and QSl.cau-7B.2) were firstly identified in this study, which provide further insights into the genetic factors that shaped the spike morphology in wheat. Moreover, SNP markers tightly linked to previously reported QTLs will eventually facilitate future studies including their positional cloning or marker-assisted selection.
Highlights
Wheat is the leading food crop produced, consumed, and traded worldwide today, and China is the largest wheat producer and consumer in the world (Wang et al, 2009)
We report the construction of high-density genetic linkage map using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and the identification of environmentally stable Quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with spike morphology and plant height using the Yumai 8679 (Y8679)/Jing 411 (J411) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population
The results showed that 75 RILs carried the 1RS/1BL translocation donated by parent Y8679, which exhibited significant (P < 0.05) segregation distortion with approximately 61% J411 alleles
Summary
Wheat is the leading food crop produced, consumed, and traded worldwide today, and China is the largest wheat producer and consumer in the world (Wang et al, 2009). QTLs for Wheat Spike Morphology components (e.g., thousand grain weight; Wu et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2015). Genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with spike morphological traits are of interest for breeding purposes. Q, C, and S are three well-known loci that have been recruited for the domestication of wheat spike morphological traits (Faris et al, 2014b). The C locus affects spike morphology, grain size, shape, and number, while the S locus determines whether a spike has round seeds and glumes (Salina et al, 2000; Johnson et al, 2008). Various spike morphological traits among modern cultivars are unlikely contributed by these three major genes, because all common wheat accessions have the universal genotype (QcS; Faris et al, 2014b)
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