Abstract
Traits such as plant height (PH), juvenile growth habit (GH), heading date (HD), and tiller number are important for both increasing yield potential and improving crop adaptation to climate change. In the present study, these traits were investigated by using the same bi-parental population at early (F2 and F2-derived F3 families) and late (F6 and F7, recombinant inbred lines, RILs) generations to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and search for candidate genes. A total of 176 and 178 lines were genotyped by the wheat Illumina 25K Infinium SNP array. The two genetic maps spanned 2486.97 cM and 3732.84 cM in length, for the F2 and RILs, respectively. QTLs explaining the highest phenotypic variation were found on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 5A, and 7D for HD and GH, whereas those for PH were found on chromosomes 4B and 4D. Several QTL detected in the early generations (i.e., PH and tiller number) were not detected in the late generations as they were due to dominance effects. Some of the identified QTLs co-mapped to well-known adaptive genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1, and Rht-1). Other putative candidate genes were identified for each trait, of which PINE1 and PIF4 may be considered new for GH and TTN in wheat. The use of a large F2 mapping population combined with NGS-based genotyping techniques could improve map resolution and allow closer QTL tagging.
Highlights
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on more than 200 million hectares of land worldwide, and in 2020, the global production reached about 760 million ton [1].Despite this, by 2050, wheat production may need to be increased by at least 50% relative to current levels [2,3]
Traits such as flowering time, plant height, tiller number, growth habit, flag leaf angle, and spike characteristics, which are important for increasing crop yield potential, are functional in determining the adaptation of wheat to climate change [7]
Significant differences between the mean values of the parents were observed in all generations for heading date (HD), growth habit (GH), TTN, and FTN, except for plant height (PH) in the late generations
Summary
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on more than 200 million hectares of land worldwide, and in 2020, the global production reached about 760 million ton [1].Despite this, by 2050, wheat production may need to be increased by at least 50% relative to current levels [2,3]. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on more than 200 million hectares of land worldwide, and in 2020, the global production reached about 760 million ton [1]. Phenology genes regulate the physiological development of wheat [5], and some morpho-physiological traits have been identified as effective in breeding drought-adaptive varieties [6]. Traits such as flowering time, plant height, tiller number, growth habit, flag leaf angle, and spike characteristics, which are important for increasing crop yield potential, are functional in determining the adaptation of wheat to climate change [7]
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