Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. is a significant horticulture crop known for its pungent varieties and used as a spice. The pungent character in the plant, known as capsaicinoid, has been discovered to have various health benefits. However, its production has been affected due to various exogenous stresses, including diseases caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Pythium spp. predominantly affecting the Capsicum plant in younger stages and causing damping-off, this pathogen can incite root rot in later plant growth stages. Due to the involvement of multiple Pythium spp. and their capability to disperse through various routes, their detection and diagnosis have become crucial. However, the quest for a point-of-care technology is still far from over. The use of an integrated approach with cultural and biological techniques for the management of Pythium spp. can be the best and most sustainable alternative to the traditionally used and hazardous chemical approach. The lack of race-specific resistance genes against Pythium spp. can be compensated with the candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes in C. annuum L. This review will focus on the epidemiological factors playing a major role in disease spread, the currently available diagnostics in species identification, and the management strategies with a special emphasis on Pythium spp. causing damping-off and root rot in different cultivars of C. annuum L.
Highlights
Cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) are an essential part of many cuisines worldwide as a spice
The damping-off caused by various Pythium spp. is a significant disease of C. annuum cultivars that predominantly occurs in nursery beds affecting seeds and young seedlings [18,19]
This study focuses on the techniques that have been followed to detect and diagnose Pythium spp., the management strategies studied to control Pythium spp.-related diseases in Capsicum since 2010, and resistant breeding against
Summary
Cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) are an essential part of many cuisines worldwide as a spice. Mature fruits are abundant in carotenoids such as capsanthin, capsorubin, β-carotene, etc., of which capsanthin is the major contributor [9] Minerals such as potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, boron, selenium, copper, and zinc are commonly found in Capsicum; their content is dependent on variables such as the fruits’ variety, growth stage, environmental factors, and the cultivation practices [10]. The damping-off caused by various Pythium spp. is a significant disease of C. annuum cultivars that predominantly occurs in nursery beds affecting seeds and young seedlings [18,19]. There have been repeated records of damping-off and root rot incidences caused by Pythium spp. in chili [25,26]. Microorganisms 2021, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW control Pythium spp.-related diseases in Capsicum since 2010, and resistant breeding against Pythium spp
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