Pyrophosphate analogues as inhibitors of DNA polymerases of cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and cellular origin

Abstract

Several pyrophosphate analogues have been compared for their ability to inhibit the activities of isolated cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) DNA polymerase and calf thymus DNA polymerase α. The most effective inhibitors were phosphonoformate and phosphonoacetate. Although not identical, the structural requirements for compounds inhibitory to CMV and HSV-1 DNA polymerase were specific, with two negatively charged groups in close vicinity. The CMV DNA polymerase was more susceptible to certain phosphonoacetates containing bulky hydrophobic α-substituents than was the HSV-1 DNA polymerase. No example of the converse preference was found. The inhibition of CMV DNA polymerase by phosphonoformate, hypophosphate, α-hydroxyphosphonoacetate and α-nonylphosphonoacetate was linear non-competitive with the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates as variable substrates. Phosphonoformate, phosphonoacetate, and to a lesser extent α-hydroxyphosphonoacetate, carbonyldiphosphonate and α-nonylphosphonoacetate also inhibited the focus formation by CMV in cell-culture.