Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of humic substances extracted from Canadian lake sediments

Abstract

Humic substances (HS) were extracted with the aid of 0.1 M Na4P2O7 and 0.5 M NaOH solutions from the sediments of four lakes located in the Sudbury area in Ontario, Canada, namely, Tilton, Clearwater, Silver and Ramsey Lake. The humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) extracts, purified and characterized using classical methods i.e., elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and CPMAS 13C NMR (see N. Belzile, H.A. Joly, and H. Li. (1997)), were submitted to pyrolysis - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The pyrolysates of the HA and FA extracts were found to be complex mixtures of at least 200 compounds. Results based on statistical analysis of the abundances of pyrolysis products (of known origin) revealed trends similar to those obtained from the classical bulk characterization techniques. The Py-GC-MS technique supported the observation, obtained from classical methods, that the chemical composition of HA extracts varied less significantly among the four lake sediments than for the FA extracts. The abundances of lignin and carbohydrate pyrolysates showed the highest variation among the FA extracts. Pyrolysis products originating from lignin, carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids were identified. Key words: humic substances, humic acid, fulvic acid, pyrolysis, pyrolysis – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, lake sediments.