Abstract
Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration can be used to isolate natural humic and fulvic acids from surface and groundwaters for further chemical and physical characterization. Ultrafilters are particularly useful in the approximate sizing of colloidal humic and fulvic acids with effective diameters below 0.45 µm. By first using hollow-fiber filters and then stirred-cell flat ultrafiltration techniques, these naturally occurring organics can be separated into size fractions down to approximately 500 molecular weight. Sufficient material can be obtained by using these size-sampling methods to apply a number of chemical and physical characterization techniques. Examples are presented of sizespecific data obtained for fulvic and humic acids with a variety of spectroscopic techniques (e.g., infrared, ultraviolet-visible, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy) and pyrolysis gas chromatography. Inorganic trace element analysis and radiochemical characterization of the materials bound to the humic and fulvic size fractions can yield information on the geochemical importance of these natural organics in the migration of low-level wastes.
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