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Abstract
In this research, bio-oil is produced from pine wood bark waste biomass through pyrolysis using Cr/ clay catalyst. This research aims to produce bio-oil from bark of pine with Cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative fuel. The effect of the ratio of catalyst Cr/ clay weight to biomass and influence of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay as catalyst were investigated. Then, the characterisation of physical and chemical characteristics of crude bio-oil produced were measured. For each of the pyrolysis runs, 50 g of pine bark having -100+200 mesh, the Cr/ clay catalysts having weight variations to biomass of 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, and then variation of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, were used. For any experimental run, 500 ml of silinap was added to the pyrolysis reactor as thermal homogenized aid. Pyrolysis process was carried out for 120 minutes at 320oC and having stirring speed 300 rpm. As a result, the greatest percentage of bio-oil yield of 65.77% was given of the run having Cr/ clay catalysts 7% and 3% of impregnated Chrome content. Characterisation measurement of bio-oil of physical properties was obtained as follows: density 0.812 g/ml, viscosity 0.902 cSt, acidity 7.626 mg.NaOH/gram, and flash point 31oC, respectively. In addition, the chemical characteristics of the bio-oil were obtained using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS): analysis found several chemical components as follows, such 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2-penthyl, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Pentene, 24.4-trimethyl, and Cyclohexane, 3- (3,3-dimethylbutyl).
Highlights
Indonesia possesses various types of energy sources in considerable amounts
Until now, in general, it still relies on energy derived from fossil fuels
The energy consumption in Indonesia is fuel oil, which is derived from petroleum
Summary
Until now, in general, it still relies on energy derived from fossil fuels. The energy consumption in Indonesia is fuel oil, which is derived from petroleum. We need alternative energy sources which are renewable and can replace fossil fuels. One of the potential biomasses to be developed into raw material for making bio-oil is pine bark. In addition to the amount being relatively abundant, pine bark contains a high degree of holoselulose and lignin, of 59.38% and 40.43%, respectively [2]. Both of these components are the primary raw materials of biooil
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