Pyro–catalytic co–pyrolysis of Delonix regia and butyl rubber tube: Kinetic modelling and thermodynamic insights

Abstract

The target of the proposed work was to compute the kinetic modelling (KM) and thermodynamic insights (TI) for the pyro-catalytic co-pyrolysis (PCCP) of Delonix regia (DR) and Butyl rubber tube (BRT). For PCCP of DR and BRT (1:1 co-feed), three different types of catalysts were utilized: zeolite (Na–Y), noble metal on activated carbon (10 wt % Pt/C), and metal oxide (1:1 wt % TiO2–ZnO) catalysts of loading between 30 and 10 wt %. For computing KM and TI, several iso-conversional models such as Friedman (FM), Flynn–Wall– Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Starink (STK), and Distributed Activation Energy Method (DAEM) were applied. At DR:BRT:Na-Y (1:1:10 wt %), the FWO model ascertained the lowest average values of activation energy Eα (kJ/mol) and pre-exponential factor A (s−1) as 180 and 5.95E+16, respectively whereas ΔH (kJ/mol) and ΔG (kJ/mol) as 175 and 180 for TI correspondingly.