Abstract
Two low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were investigated and compared in this study. The results showed that GLP-1 and GLP-2 were mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, with weight-average molecular weights of 6.31 and 14.07 kDa, respectively. Additionally, GLP-1 and GLP-2 had a similar chain conformation, crystal structure, and molecular surface morphology. Moreover, GLP-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than GLP-2 in five different assays: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC). The main linkage types of GLP-1 were found to be →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and Glcp-(1→ by methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. These findings indicated that GLP-1 could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for application in functional foods.
Highlights
The water-soluble crude G. leucocontextum polysaccharide (CGLP) was separated into three fractions: 5–10 kDa (CGLP-1), 10–100 kDa (CGLP-2), and >100 kDa (CGLP-3)
To obtain homogenized polysaccharides, both CGLP-1 and CGLP-2 were subjected to a DEAE-Sepharose fast-flow column and eluted with ultrapure water and 0.1–0.5 M NaCl (Figure 1A,B)
These results indicated that glucose was the predominant monosaccharide predominant monosaccharide constituting the backbones of GLP-1 and GLP-2, which is constituting the backbones of GLP-1 and GLP-2, which is similar to the case of the polysacsimilar to the case of the polysaccharides extracted from G. atrum [12] and G. lucidum charides extracted from G. atrum [12] and G. lucidum [30]
Summary
Under pathological conditions, ROS excessively accumulate and attack proteins, lipids, and DNA, which in turn causes oxidative damage to tissues and organs [2,3]. Such oxidative injuries promote the development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, age-related disorders, metabolic disease, cancer, and other diseases [4,5]. Two low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, GLP-1 and GLP-2, were isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of G. leucocontextum. Their physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated. This study’s results can further clarify the structure and antioxidant properties of G. leucocontextum polysaccharides
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