Pure surface plasmon resonance enhancement of the first hyperpolarizability of gold core–silver shell nanoparticles

Abstract

We report the optical second harmonic (SH) response from gold core-silver shell nanoparticles supported at a liquid-liquid interface in the spectral region where the second harmonic generation (SHG) frequency is resonant with the surface plasmon (SP) resonance excitation of the nanoparticles. We compare these results with that obtained by classical linear optical absorption spectroscopy and show that the nonlinear optical response is dominated by the SP resonance enhancement with negligible contributions from the interband transitions. As a result, the SH spectrum exhibits two clear SP resonance bands attributed to the two SP resonances of the composite nanostructure formed by the gold core-silver shell nanoparticles. Absolute values of the hyperpolarizabilities are measured by hyper Rayleigh scattering (HRS) and compared that of pure gold nanoparticles. The hyperpolarizability measured at a harmonic energy of 3.0 eV, enhanced through excitation of the high energy SP resonance of the nanoparticle, increases with the silver content whereas the hyperpolarizability measured at a harmonic energy of 2.4 eV, enhanced through the excitation of the low energy SP resonance of the nanoparticle, decreases because of the shift of this resonance away from the harmonic frequency. The hyperpolarizability determined by HRS and the square root of the SHG intensities, scaling with the nanoparticle hyperpolarizability, have similar trends with respect to the silver content indicative of closely related adsorption properties yielding similar surface concentrations at the liquid-liquid interface.