Pumping from unconfined aquifers of limited saturated thickness with reference to wellpoints and horizontal wells

Abstract

Groundwater in unconfined aquifers of limited saturated thickness can be a valuable resource but frequently it is not developed because conventional boreholes are unsuitable. However, successful exploitation of shallow unconfined aquifers has been achieved using either a line of wellpoints or horizontal wells extending for more than 100 m. The flow processes by which wellpoints and horizontal wells collect water from unconfined aquifers are explored by developing conceptual and computational models. Several representative examples are considered and it is found that similar discharges occur if the wellpoints are closely spaced. The sensitivity of the yield to physical dimensions of the wells and aquifers is explored; the impact of alternative aquifer parameters is also examined. Results from these computational models are used to identify the causes of air entry into wellpoint systems; the prevention of air entry into horizontal wells is also considered. This evaluation demonstrates that wellpoint systems and horizontal wells can efficiently abstract water from unconfined aquifers of limited saturated thickness provided that precautions are taken to prevent air entry.