Puma (Puma concolor) modifications on medium-sized mammals: Can its taphonomic signature be differentiated from other South American carnivores?

Abstract

The aim of this article is to characterize the taphonomic signature of puma (Puma concolor) on non-ingested bone assemblages of medium-sized mammals. We conducted an experiment in a biopark where two captive pumas were fed ten European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The analysis of the remains showed a highly fragmented assemblage of skeletal remains, mainly dominated by skull fragments and complete distal bones of the limbs. The remains displayed a variety of tooth marks, with punctures ranging in size from 3 mm to 8 mm. We compared these results with similar experiments conducted with Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and Geoffroy’s cat (Leopardus geoffroyi). Only minor differences were noted, such as the range of mark sizes and the specimens' medians. In conclusion, the three carnivores' taphonomic signatures are very similar regarding medium-sized prey and non-ingested samples. Future analysis, including the study of ingested remains and pit measurements, will deepen our understanding of the potential differences.