Public Service Ethics: Individual and Institutional Responsibilities

Abstract

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors I. Foundations of Public Service Ethics 1. Pertinence, Practicality, and Poppycock Pertinence: Reasons to Study Ethics Practicality: Commitment as a Privilege and Obligation Poppycock: Myths About Ethics Conclusion Appendix 1.1 Personal Checklist 2. Perspectives on Ethics: Macro, Meso, Micro Levels of Analysis Contemporary Research on Levels of Ethics Meso Level of Analysis: The Organization Micro Level of Analysis: The Individual Factors Influencing Meso-Micro Ethics Conclusion Case Study 2.1 The Pennsylvania State University Athletic Sex Abuse Scandal 3. Values, Ethics, and Dilemmas Defining Values Applying Values in Public Service Defining Ethics Domains of Human Action: Law vs. Free Choice Case Study 3.1 Challenge the Leader Social Forces Endangering Ethics Case Study 3.2 Value Conflicts in World Affairs Conclusion II. Individual-Centered Approaches to Ethics 4. Moral Development Theory Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory: A Rational Approach Case Study 4.1 Applying Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Milgram's Shock and Zimbardo's Prison Experiments: Ethics Under Pressure Haidt's Social Intuitionalist Approach Conclusion 5. Cognitive Ethics Methods: Result and Rule Problem-Solving Approaches Approaches to Ethics A Five-Stage Method for Analyzing Ethical Issues Moral Courage Case Study 5.1 Applying the Kew Gardens Principles Applying the Five-stage Method: A Personal and Professional Conflict Conclusion Appendix 5.1 Sensitivity-Intensity Matrix Approach Appendix 5.2 The Ethical Principles Approach Case Study 5.2 Applying the Ethical Principles Approach: Playing Poker With a Vendor Appendix 5.3 Line Drawing Case Study 5.3 Applying the Line Drawing Method: A Questionable Gift 6. Virtue Theory Comparing Cognitive and Virtue Ethics The Vocabulary of Virtue Habituation: The Formation of Character Virtue Theory Strengths and Weaknesses Case Study 6.1 Applying Rion's Ethical Decision-Making Framework: Probing the Conscience Utility of Virtue Ethics for Managers: Challenge and Response Conclusion 7. Conscious Deliberation and Subconscious Action: The Dishonesty of Honest People Results, Rule, Virtue: Decision Making With the Ethics Triad Utilizing the Ethics Triad Case Study 7.1 The Ethics Triad: Applying the Rational Approach to a Birthday Invitation Behavioral Ethics: What People Do vs. What They Say They Do Conclusion Appendix 7.1 Critiquing Student Case Analyses III. Institutional Approaches to Ethics 8. Organizational Ethics Types of Organizational Strategies Ethical Infrastructure: Building Blocks in Ethics Management Case Study 8.1 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: To Follow or Not to Follow Government Hiring Policy Organizational Structure Values Statements Psychological Contracts Oaths and Codes Institutionalizing Ethics Cultural Competency Conclusion 9. Corruption Control Scope and Magnitude of Corruption Today Defining Corruption Causes of Corruption and Evolution of Anticorruption Strategies Individual and Institutional Moral Failure Scandals: Types and Impacts Avenues for Reform Case Study 9.1 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Public to Private Employment on Similar Work Conclusion 10. Whistleblowing in Organizations Significance of Whistleblowing Case Study 10.1 Problem Solver or Trouble Maker? Whistleblower Laws Case Study 10.2 Applying Rational and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Cooking the Books Dissent in Organizations Case Study 10.3 The Silent Whistle Case Study 10.4 Successful Whistleblowing Trends in Blowing the Whistle Conclusion IV. Issues in Public Service Ethics 11. Ethics and Elected Officials Case Study 11.1 Congressional Conflict of Interest Case Study 11.2 Congressional Insider Trading Ethics and Legislative Decision Making Case Study 11.3 Robert Torricelli and the CIA The Influence of Character and Roles on Elected Officials Polarization of Politics and Ethical Implications Negative Campaigning The Problem of Dirty Hands Case Study 11.4 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Interrogation Methods Presidents and Truthfulness The Influence of Citizens and the Media on Politicians Case Study 11.5 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: A Transgender City Manager Conclusion Appendix 11.1 Ethics Committees 12. Organizational Gaming and Performance Measurement Duplicity Pressures Case Study 12.1 Organizational Cheating in Education Types of Gaming Cheating, Politicians, and Public Opinion Ethically Evaluating and Minimizing Cheating Case Study 12.2 Applying Philosophical and Behavioral Ethics Approaches: Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace Conclusion 13. At-Will Employment The Employment At-Will Doctrine Applying the Ethics Triad to At-Will Employment Summary and Conclusion 14. Open Government Case Study: Pay Disclosure Trends and Tensions in Open Government Background: Increasing Demand for Transparency Applying the Ethics Triad to Pay Disclosure Summary Conclusion: Implementing Balance in Transparency Policy V. Future History 15. Choices and Strategies for the Years Ahead Moral Grandeur Moral Decay New Challenges Guidelines for Ethical Conduct Case Study 15.1 Applying Rational and Philosophical Ethics Approaches: Drones in Domestic Law Enforcement Appendix 15.1 Sample Graduate Student Action Plan Index