Abstract
The Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS) is an instrument designed to measure the level of satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs (BPN) in sports, according to The Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The purpose of this research was to adapt BNSSS to Mexican Spanish and analyze its psychometric properties (factorial validity, factorial invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity, and nomological validity). Thus, 542 athletes (average age: 12.06 years; SD = 1.83) were asked to answer a set of questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported both the structure of five related factors and the trifactorial structure after eliminating an item. Nevertheless, the reliability analysis indicated strong internal consistency, and the average variance extracted (AVE) from the subscales was acceptable except for the volition factor, thus supporting the trifactorial model. Scores derived from the instrument’s three-factors offered evidence of the criterion validity, through a positive and meaningful relation with enjoyment and subjective vitality. Moreover, results of multi-sample analysis supported that factorial structure is invariant between men and women. In conclusion, this BNSSS Spanish version displayed adequate psychometric properties, showing that it can be used to measure the three basic psychological needs.
Highlights
The Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci and Ryan, 1985; Ryan and Deci, 2002) is a meta-theory of motivation, emotion, and human personality, which conceives humans as active, growthoriented organisms
One of the main mini-theories of the SDT is the theory of basic psychological needs (BPN; Ryan and Deci, 2000, 2017), which provides the basis for describing the environmental characteristics that support or hinder the attempt of trying to control new situations, or that facilitate self-determination and well-being
It consists of 20 items, five items measure the perception of competence (e.g., “ I am skilled at sport”), five items measure the perception of relatedness (e.g., “In sport, I have a close relationship with other people”), and 10 items measure the perception of autonomy
Summary
The Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci and Ryan, 1985; Ryan and Deci, 2002) is a meta-theory of motivation, emotion, and human personality, which conceives humans as active, growthoriented organisms This theory has been used to explain and predict how motivation works in a variety of life contexts, including sports (Balaguer et al, 2008; Álvarez et al, 2009; Quested et al, 2013; Cantú-Berrueto et al, 2016), and physical activity (Rodrigues et al, 2018). One of the main mini-theories of the SDT is the theory of basic psychological needs (BPN; Ryan and Deci, 2000, 2017), which provides the basis for describing the environmental characteristics that support or hinder the attempt of trying to control new situations, or that facilitate self-determination and well-being It proposes that people have three inherent BPN. Autonomy denotes experiencing high flexibility and low levels of pressure during one’s actions, and the feeling that it was performed voluntarily; in other words, perceiving that oneself is the origin or the source of behavioral self-regulation (Deci and Ryan, 1985)
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