Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Responses to Positive Affect (RPA) questionnaire in a sample of persons with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodCross‐sectional survey study with 107 persons with BD. The original 3‐factor model of the RPA was compared with a 2‐factor model. Construct validity was determined with measures of well‐being, personal recovery, social role participation, and psychopathology and incremental validity was evaluated.ResultsThe fit of the 3‐factor model was acceptable for most fit indices. Subscores of the RPA revealed a significant relationship with aspects of well‐being, personal recovery, and psychopathology. Dampening and self‐focused positive rumination explained additional variance in personal recovery above and beyond well‐being.ConclusionsThe RPA is an internally consistent and valid tool to assess positive emotion regulation processes in persons with BD. Specifically, the processes of dampening and emotion‐focused positive rumination seem to play an important role in BD.
Highlights
KRAISS ET AL.Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurring depressive and manic episodes (Grande, Berk, Birmaher, & Vieta, 2015; Kupka, Knoppert, & Nolen, 2008)
The economic burden of bipolar disorder (BD) was estimated at 151 billion dollars per year in the United States (Dilsaver, 2011) and the illness is associated with decreased quality of life (Dean, Gerner, & Gerner, 2004), negative social consequences (Calabrese et al, 2003), work‐related problems (Fajutrao, Locklear, Priaulx, & Heyes, 2009; Laxman, Lovibond, & Hassan, 2008), and high caregiver burden (Miller, DellOsso, & Ketter, 2014; Reinares et al, 2006)
Results of the confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) showed that the 3‐factor model had a significantly better fit to the data than the 2‐factor model, coinciding with prior studies (Feldman et al, 2008; Raes et al, 2010; Yang & Guo, 2014)
Summary
KRAISS ET AL.Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurring depressive and (hypo) manic episodes (Grande, Berk, Birmaher, & Vieta, 2015; Kupka, Knoppert, & Nolen, 2008). A distinction is made between bipolar I (BDI) and bipolar II (BDII) disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In BDII, a person experiences hypomanic and depressive episodes but never a full manic episode. Prevalence estimates reveal a lifetime prevalence of 0.6% for BDI and 0.4% for BDII (Merikangas et al, 2011). The economic burden of BD was estimated at 151 billion dollars per year in the United States (Dilsaver, 2011) and the illness is associated with decreased quality of life (Dean, Gerner, & Gerner, 2004), negative social consequences (Calabrese et al, 2003), work‐related problems (Fajutrao, Locklear, Priaulx, & Heyes, 2009; Laxman, Lovibond, & Hassan, 2008), and high caregiver burden (Miller, DellOsso, & Ketter, 2014; Reinares et al, 2006)
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