Abstract
The relevance of personal recovery receives increasing attention in mental health care and is also important for people with bipolar disorder (BD). There is a need for reliable and valid instruments measuring personal recovery. Therefore, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) in a sample of people with BD and explored the relationship with constructs of well‐being, social role participation, and psychopathology. A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted in which 102 people diagnosed with BD completed the QPR. Factor structure of the QPR was evaluated by conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), and internal consistency was assessed by calculating reliability coefficients. Convergent validation measures assessed well‐being, social role participation, and symptomatology. Incremental validity was determined by evaluating the ability of the QPR to explain variance in symptomatology above and beyond well‐being. Findings of the CFA supported a unidimensional factor structure, and internal consistency estimates were excellent. Scores of the QPR showed strong correlations with convergent measures, but were only weakly associated with manic symptomatology. Moreover, personal recovery explained additional variance in symptoms of depression and anxiety above and beyond well‐being, indicating incremental validity. The QPR appears to be a reliable and valid tool to assess personal recovery in people with BD. Our findings underline the importance of personal recovery in the context of treatment of BD. Personal recovery demonstrates a substantial overlap with well‐being.
Highlights
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic affective disorder, which characterized by shifting depressive andmanic mood episodes (Kupka, Knoppert, & Nolen, 2008)
The current study is the first to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) in a sample of people with BD and to assess the relationship of personal recovery with well‐being, social role participation, and psychopathology
Results of the multiple hierarchical regression analyses suggest incremental validity of the QPR, which explained variance in symptoms of depression and anxiety above and beyond well‐being. This is a surprising finding because research indicates that well‐being already is a strong predictor of symptomatology (Wood & Joseph, 2010; Wood, Maltby, Gillett, Linley, & Joseph, 2008), and we found very strong relationships between well‐being and personal recovery in the present study
Summary
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic affective disorder, which characterized by shifting depressive and (hypo)manic mood episodes (Kupka, Knoppert, & Nolen, 2008). A distinction is made between bipolar I (BDI) and bipolar II disorder (BDII). In BDII, an individual has never experienced a full manic episode but only milder hypomanic episode(s) (Grande, Berk, Birmaher, & Vieta, 2015). Prevalence estimates from a large community sample from 11 countries revealed a lifetime prevalence of 0.6% for BDI, 0.4% for BDII, and 1.4% for subthreshold BD (Merikangas et al, 2007). The economic burden of BD was estimated at 151 billion dollars per year in the United States alone (Dilsaver, 2011). Suffering from BD is associated with negative social consequences (Calabrese et al, 2003), decreased quality of life (Dean, Gerner, & Gerner, 2004), work‐related issues (Fajutrao, Locklear, Priaulx, & Heyes, 2009; Laxman, Lovibond, & Hassan, 2008), and a high burden for caregivers (Miller, Dell'Osso, & Ketter, 2014)
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