Psychological and psycho-physical training as a factor of personal anxiety at students

Objective:The relationship of situational (reactive) and personal anxiety in the sample of respondents with post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD) has been considered in the article. The study found that a significant level of situational anxiety and an average level of personal anxiety is observed in respondents with post-trauma stress disorder.Method:The survey and testing of respondents was conducted on the basis of their voluntary and anonymous participation among the staff of public authorities and law enforcement bodies. Clinical, psychopathological and statistical research methods were used in this work. While conducting a psychopathological survey, the Mississippi scale (MS), military and civilian variants, the severity questionnaire for psychopathological symptoms (AFPS), and the scale for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety (Charles D. Spilberger, Yu. L. Khanin) were used to determine the qualitative and quantitative parameters. The levels of reactive and personal anxiety were determined on a scale: up to 30 points - low anxiety; from 31 to 45 points - moderate anxiety; 46 points or more - high anxiety. The statistical processing of research results included the calculation of the arithmetic mean value for the quantitative (M) and qualitative (P) indices and their errors (m and p). When comparing the data obtained in groups and subgroups, the Student’s t-test was used, while the correlation analysis of interrelationships - the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The sample comprised respondents with signs that meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (ICD-10 DSM-R).Results:The manifestation of the influence of the experienced psychological trauma on the level of anxiety is: an increased heart rate; Blanchet syndrome; a nervous condition; tension of all groups of muscles; feeling a sense of guilt; a feeling of fever followed by shivers; long confusion; insomnia; migraine; uncontrollable anger. The symptoms of anxiety persist and accumulate, at the time of a stressful situation, and after its resolution, contributing to a decrease in performance, fatigue and exhaustion. In addition, the results of the study indicate that anxiety and its level plays an important role, both in clinical findings and in the pathogenesis of PTSD. At the same time, differences were found among men and women. Men with PTSD are characterized by an increase in the level of situational anxiety as the severity of the disorder increases. Women are characterized by a moderate level of situational anxiety, regardless of the severity of the disorder. For both male and female subjects, high indices of personal anxiety are more significant than situational in the development of PTSD of different severity levels.Conclusion:Anxiety and its level, plays an important role both in clinical findings and in the pathogenesis of PTSD. At the same time, differences were found among men and women. Men with PTSD are characterized by an increase in the level of situational anxiety as the severity of the disorder increases. Women are characterized by a moderate level of situational anxiety, regardless of the severity of the disorder. High indices of personal anxiety are more significant for both male and female subjects than situational one in the development of PTSD of different severity levels. The level of personal anxiety in men increased as the severity of PTSD increased. In women, the high level of anxiety increased with increasing severity of the disorder and stabilized with severe PTSD. Most women and men with PTSD are characterized by a high level of personal anxiety. Moreover, the prevalence of women with a high level of personal anxiety in comparison with men is essential with a mild severity of the disorder. With a moderate degree of the disorder, the differences in the proportion of men and women with a high level of personal anxiety are practically insignificant, and in case of a severe degree of the disorder, their proportion levels off, reaching 100%, both among men and women.

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of personal and reactive anxiety in teenagers of the Transcarpathian region during a dental appointment and establish the correlational dependence of parameters. Materials and methods. An assessment of psycho-emotional state and dental status of 384 adolescents aged 12-18 years who were patients of the “University Dental Polyclinic” was carried out. The patient's appeal was both urgent and for the purpose of rehabilitation, planned. Depending on the level of personal anxiety, patients were divided into clinical groups to determine the prevalence, intensity and activity of caries. The first group included 244 teenagers (175 girls and 69 boys) who were diagnosed with a high level of personal anxiety. The second group consisted of 105 adolescents (48 girls and 57 boys) in whom basic anxiety was moderate, the third group consisted of 35 adolescents with low anxiety (10 girls and 25 boys). The level of reactive and personal anxiety was assessed according to the methodology of Ch. D. Spielberger (adapted by Yu. L. Khanin). Indicators of the prevalence, intensity and activity of caries (CPV index) were determined in the examined subjects according to generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. The level of reactive and personal anxiety is determined to be high in both boys and girls, and reactive anxiety caused by visiting the dentist reaches the maximum percentage indicators in both groups and has a significantly higher percentage than personal anxiety. Significant differences in caries activity indicators of the first and second groups and the first and third groups were established, in particular, significantly lower indicators of absent and compensated caries (p <0.05) and significantly higher indicators of subcompensated and decompensated caries (p <0.05). The indicators of decompensated caries differed significantly between the indicators of the second and third groups (25.8%; 14.3%; p <0.05). Conclusion. High personal anxiety is a factor in the formation and progression of carious lesions of hard tissues in adolescents, a direct relationship between the level of personal anxiety and the course of caries in adolescents has been established, with an increase in personal anxiety, the percentage of decompensated caries increases. That is, high personal anxiety is a factor in the progression of dental caries in teenagers

Hypertonia and parafunction of masticatory muscles (bruxism), which cause prolonged non-functional sliding movements of the mandible against the maxilla with teeth closed, contribute to the development of functional overload. Increased activity of masticatory muscles may occur due to the agitation of the central nervous system. On the periphery, its action manifests itself in the form of dysfunctions and bruxism, which leads to fatigue in the masticatory muscles, their spasm and the development of symptoms of the pain dysfunction syndrome. There is also an inverse relationship between local disturbances of occlusion and the development of stress. This case occurs, because in stress situations the adaptive capacity for local disturbances of the motor part of the masticatory system, including the disturbances of occlusion, is reduced. This causes a motor reaction in the form of dysfunctions of closing masticatory apparatus, which, in long-term stressful situations, can turn into well-established habits. This explains the appearance of pain symptoms of dysfunction in stressful situations. Consequently, there is convincing evidence that psychological and psychosocial factors play an important role in understanding the TMDs, but there is no conclusive evidence that these factors are etiologic ones.
 The purpose of the study is to determine personal and situational anxiety in patients with excessive tooth abrasion alone and those with both excessive tooth abrasion and temporomandibular disorders, comparing them with each other.
 Materials and Methods. 68 patients were included in the study, 31 (45.6%) included male and 37 (54.4%) contained female patients aged 21 to 70. Studied patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the study group. The control group included 31 patients diagnosed only with excessive tooth abrasion in combination with possible other occlusal disorders. The study group included 37 patients with excessive tooth abrasion, possibly with other occlusal disorders and various forms of temporomandibular disorders: muscle, articular, and combined. The study was conducted individually using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which included instructions and 40 questions, 20 of which were designed to assess the level of situational anxiety (SA) and 20 – to assess the level of personal anxiety (PA). Online questionnaire at: http://psytests.org/psystate/spielberger-run.html was used for automatic data processing of Spielberger psychological evaluation of patients.
 Results. A high level of personal anxiety was observed in patients of the study group with both excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs, in comparison with patients in the control group (48.6% of patients in the study group vs. 0% in the control group), p<0.001.
 Furthermore, a significant prevalence of patients with a high level of situational anxiety was determined among the patients in the study group with excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs, in comparison with patients in the control group with excessive tooth abrasion alone (64.0% in the study group vs. 3.2% in the control group, p<0.001). Thus, statistically significant signs of a high level of personal and situational anxiety were found among patients with excessive tooth abrasion and present temporomandibular disorders in comparison with patients who have only excessive tooth abrasion.

BackgroundPersistence of pain syndrome is accompanied by emotional changes and contributes to the formation of anxiety disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Models of training patients with RA are...

The success of adaptation of students to conditions of educational process in Medical University is determined by complex of accompanying socio-psychological factors. The level of personal anxiety determines severity of impact of these factors on psychosomatic state of student. The high level of anxiety among students in conditions of educating in Medical University can significantly and multi-componently impact their physical organism, success in teaching and social well-being. The purpose of the study is to determine prevalence of high levels of anxiety and their impact on health and social well-being of students of different genders, periods of study on budgetary and commercial basis. There is significant prevalence of high levels of personal anxiety among students of first year of education (57.0%), which tends to increase by fourth year (75.5%). The increased anxiety has significant impact on morbidity (correlation with anxiety levels τ=0.69 and τ=0.40 for men and women, respectively) and social well-being of students, their behavior and lifestyle. The female students are the most affected by anxiety factor. The belonging of students with high level of anxiety to budget or commercial group determines specificity their response to conditions of education in the Medical University. The obtained results should be used to improve efficiency of adaptation and psychological support of students in the process of education in Medical University. The high level of anxiety in students should be taken into account in preventive activities of preserving health of students as separate factor, impacting similarly with strong health risk factor on their physical organism and social well-being, considering gender and period of study on budgetary or commercial basis.

The purpose of the work is to investigate the screening frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders and their manifestations in young adolescents to determine risk factors and develop measures for their prevention. Anxiety testing was conducted for 313 students of educational institutions of the Khmelnitsky region aged 10-14 years: 156 (49.8 %) boys and 157 (50.2 %) girls. 258 people were tested for the spectrum of depressive disorders, of which 51.9 % (134) were boys and 48.1 % (124) girls. Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to study anxiety, and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) by M. Kovacs, was used to diagnose depression. The probability was evaluated using Student's t-test with the construction of a 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the difference in means. Quantitative traits are given as M±σ. A high level of personal anxiety was determined in 20 (6.4 %), and situational anxiety in 17 (5.4 %) people. The average level of personal anxiety was determined in 38 (12.1 %), and situational anxiety – in 142 (45.3 %) people. A low level of personal anxiety was identified in 255 (81.5 %), and situational anxiety – in 154 (49.3 %) people. That is, most students of early adolescence had a low level of both personal and situational anxiety. Signs of depressive disorders were detected in 50.0 % of the examined children of early adolescence who completed the questionnaires, in particular, mild manifestations of depression were found in 70 (27.2 %) people, moderate in 46 (17.2 %) people, severe depression in 13 (5.0 %) people. The level of depressive symptoms in girls was higher (53.32±12.54 points) compared with boys (50.01±9.94 points), respectively (95 % CI, 0.5 – 6.0; p<0.019). The level of depressive symptoms among students in the city was higher (50.45±8.93 points) compared with students in rural schools (46.74±10.81 points), respectively (95% CI, 0.5 – 6.9, p<0.023). When comparing the severity of depressive symptoms in children from a boarding school (59.64±15.03 points) with students of other secondary schools (52.02±9.74 points), its predominance was significant precisely in children who study at a boarding school (95% CI, 2.5 – 16.3; p<0.008). So, in children of early adolescence, most have a low level of anxiety. At the same time, depressive disorders of varying degrees were revealed in 50.0 % of the examined children, which manifested themselves mainly in the form of low mood and anhedonia. Female sex, urban living, and having an incomplete family or orphanhood are some of the key risk factors for depression in young children.

The article contains an analysis of the problems of personal anxiety among adolescents. Anxiety is considered as a property of the personality, which is manifested in the cognitive aspect, emotional reaction, physical reaction and behavior of the individual. The general purpose of the study was to identify the metacognitive beliefs of adolescents with a high level of personal anxiety and was realized thanks to the implementation of such tasks as: identifying adolescents with a high level of personal anxiety, studying personal attitudes towards symptoms, determining and comparing the metacognitive beliefs of adolescents with different levels of personal anxiety, determining predictive power of metacognitions of young people with a high level of personal anxiety. The results of a study of the prevalence of reactive and personal anxiety among adolescents are presented, a comparative analysis of one's own opinion regarding the presence of symptoms and test results of adolescents with a high level of personal anxiety is carried out. A new approach to the study of personal anxiety from the perspective of metacognitive beliefs is proposed, which is built on the principles of cognitive-behavioral psychology. Metacognition is defined as the basis of automatic thoughts, emotional and physical reactions, and the role of metacognitive processes in the interpretation of information about the level of security, the formation of judgments, assessments. The article proves that the metacognitions of adolescents with a high level of personal anxiety deprive them of flexibility in behavior, limiting the variability of life experience. The metacognitive portrait of young people with a high level of personal anxiety is characterized, in particular: the belief that anxiety is a protection against difficult emotions in anticipation of negative events; a positive attitude towards one's own anxious experiences is reinforced by a desire to prevent negative outcomes. As a result of the conducted research, the prospects for developing a method of targeted psychological influence within the cognitive-behavioral approach have been opened

The article revealsthe topic of psycho-correctionand prevention of a high level of personal anxiety in students of 1-2 courses. Previously, a high level of personal anxiety was detected in 81 students. There was a need for psycho-correctivework focused on the development of social interaction skills and reducing the excessive level of self-control. Participants were invited to attend group sessions with a psychologist according to a pre-developed correctional program for 3 months. During the whole time, 26 sessions were conducted with each of the subgroups. 13 sessions were identified for the development of personal communication skills. A similar number of sessions are allocated to reduce the level of requirements for self-identity. After the completion of the psycho-correctionwork, there were obtainedresults indicating a decrease in the overall level of personal anxiety in the study sample. It indicates the effectiveness of the psycho-correctionmeasures. The study participants were given the necessary recommendations for maintaining theirlevel of personal and reactive anxiety.

Dental status includes an index assessment of clusters that characterize the state of hygiene, the presence of periodontal tissue diseases, and the state of the hard tissues of the teeth. The calculation of these indicators gives a clear idea of the state of the problem and dictates the ways of preventive and therapeutic tactics both in groups and individually. The level of patient anxiety, both personal and reactive, caused by a visit to the dentist, plays a significant role during the appointment with the doctor, affects the trust during communication and affects the quality of dental services in general. The second component of high-quality dental treatment is the determination of the level of dental morbidity in groups, depending on the level of anxiety as a basic factor. Dental status includes an index assessment of clusters that characterize the state of hygiene, the presence of periodontal tissue diseases, and the state of the hard tissues of the teeth. The calculation of these indicators gives a clear idea of the state of the problem and dictates the ways of preventive and therapeutic tactics both in groups and individually. The aim of the research. To assess the dental status of adolescents in Transcarpathian region and establish the correlational dependence of parameters. Materials and methods. An assessment of the dental status of 384 adolescents aged 12-18 years who were patients of LLC "University Dental Polyclinic" was carried out. The patient's appeal was both urgent and for the purpose of rehabilitation, planned. Indicators of the prevalence, intensity and activity of caries (CPV index) were determined in the examined subjects according to generally accepted methods. The state of hygiene in adolescents was determined according to the OHI-S index and Fedorov-Volodkina. The condition of the periodontal tissues in the examined adolescents was determined according to the PMA index. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out on a personal computer using licensed programs ˝MS Excel 7˝ for the operating system˝ Windows˝ and the standard program package "STATISTICA" v. 6.0. Conclusions. High personal anxiety is a factor in the formation and progression of carious lesions of hard tissues in adolescents, a direct relationship between the level of personal anxiety and the course of caries in adolescents has been established, with an increase in personal anxiety, the percentage of decompensated caries increases. That is, high personal anxiety is a factor in the progression of dental caries in teenagers. Significant differences in PMA index indicators were established between clinical groups (p<0,05). In the first group of teenagers with a high level of personal anxiety, the indicators of the index corresponded to a severe degree of gingivitis, in the second and third groups, the indicators corresponded to an average degree of gingivitis. When assessing the state of hygiene in adolescents of clinical groups, significant differences were established between the indicators of the first and second and the first and third groups according to the OHI-S, DI-S and CI-S indicators of the I.G. index. Green, I.R.Vermillion and indicators of the Fedorov-Volodkina index (р<0.05), the indicators in the first group were significantly higher than in the second and third groups. According to the Fedorov-Volodkina index, a significantly higher index was established in patients of the first group than in the second and third. A direct relationship between the level of personal anxiety and the state of hygiene in adolescents has been established, with an increase in personal anxiety, the deterioration of hygiene is noted. That is, high personal anxiety is a factor in the progression of gingivitis.

The research examined eating disorders and the risk of their development in students according to the level of personal anxiety from a gender perspective. An analysis showed a connection between the level of personal anxiety and compulsive and external types of eating behavior in female students. The sample group consisted of 70 people, of whom 52,9 % had a high level of personal anxiety (the proportion of girls was 83,8 %). 95,7 % of students had either compulsive (64,2 %) or external (21,4 %) eating disorder. At this age, an eating disorder does not affect body weight. However, if the level of personal anxiety increases, it escalates the risk of developing at least three types of eating disorders by 11,5 times. With an increase in the level of personal anxiety, the risk of developing external overeating increases by 12,5 times and the risk of developing a compulsive type of eating behavior increases by 1,5 times. The research revealed some gender features of eating disorders development: girls with a high level of personal anxiety proved to have a 5,68 times higher risk of developing various eating disorders. However, a study in the ability to cope with stress in students with different levels of personal anxiety with regard to gender did not show any statistically significant differences in the study groups. The research demonstrated that there is a need in psycho-preventive measures that would shape rational nutrition stereotypes in students.

The article touches upon important issues related to measuring the index of the regulatory-adaptive status and adaptive capabilities of students to the educational load in a higher educational institution. Regulatory-adaptive status was determined by the level of students' anxiety. The Spielberg-Khanin technique served as a tool that made it possible to measure the level of situational (reactive) and personal anxiety; measurements of the anxiety level of university students were made at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. According to the results of the study, at the end of the academic year, there was recorded a significant decrease in the regulatory-adaptive abilities of students to the educational load, which contributed to an increase in the level of anxiety, as well as to the redistribution of students in groups according to the level of anxiety: the number of students in the group with a high level of personal anxiety increased, and with moderate level of anxiety - decreased.


 The issue of preserving the reproductive health of the nation in Ukraine is very acute. The psycho-emotional state of a woman is of particular importance for the prolongation of pregnancy and the normal course of labor. Violation of adaptive mechanisms which are aimed at restructuring the functional systems of the body during pregnancy and on the eve of childbirth, as well as the state of chronic stress contribute to the increase in the of obstetric and perinatal complications frequency and have an adverse effect on the course of pregnancy. The aim of the reaserch was to study the dynamics of psycho-emotional state features in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) application in order to improve the tactics of antenatal surveillance. To achieve this goal, 299 pregnant women were comprehensively examined in the dynamics of prospective observation, which were distributed as follows – the main group included 249 women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of the ART application. The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy and its physiological course, which were registered for pregnancy at 6-8 weeks. The women of main group whose pregnancy occurred as a result of ART application were divided into three groups, depending on the factor that caused infertility. The first group included 94 women with tubal-peritoneal factor of infertility, the second group was formed by 87 women with endocrine factor of infertility, the third group included 68 women whose infertility was caused by the male factor. Pregnant women of the study groups by age, marital and social status, place of residence were representative, which allowed further to judge the differences caused by etiological factors of infertility. In order to determine the psycho-emotional state of pregnant women in the study groups in the screening mode, a clinical interview was conducted by filling out questionnaires that contained the constituent questions of the STAI tests in the modification of Yu. L. Khanin and the "Pregnant Attitude Test" by the method of I. V. Dobryakov. The obtained test results indicate that the average score of reactive anxiety in pregnant women of the main group exceeded the same indicator of the control group and was: 49 - pregnant women with tubal-peritoneal type of infertility, 56 - pregnant women with endocrine type of infertility, 44 - pregnant women with male factor of infertility, 24 - control group. According to the results of testing, a significant difference was revealed in the indicators of personal anxiety. The values of indicators of personal anxiety were: 51 - pregnant women with tubal-peritoneal type of infertility, 54 - pregnant women with endocrine type of infertility, 31 -pregnant women with male factor of infertility, 31 - control group. Low level of personal anxiety was observed in 26 (27,6%) pregnant women of I group, 29 (33,3%) pregnant women of II group, which is significantly less in comparison with the indicator of pregnant women of the control group – 33 (66,0%) and III group - 33 (48,5%) (p < 0,05). Moderate type of personal anxiety was observed in 46 (48.9%) pregnant women of group and 40 (45.9%) pregnant women of II group compared to the indicator of the control group – 11 (22, 0%) (p < 0,05). Moderate type of personal anxiety was determined in 25 (36,7%) cases in pregnant women of III group and did not differ significantly from the indicators of I, II and control groups (p > 0,05). A high level of personal anxiety was observed in 22 (23,5%) pregnant women of group I, 18 (20,8%) pregnant women of group II, which is significantly higher in comparison with the indicator of pregnant women of the control group – 6 (12,0%) (p < 0,05). Thus, the study of the psycho-emotional state of pregnant women after the application of ART deviations in the level of personal and reactive anxiety and pathological types of gestational dominant, which are inherent in pregnant women of the main group. Taking into account the above, we consider it appropriate to involve a psychologist to work with the examined pregnant women in order to correct the identified abnormalities.

Psychological problems associated with interpersonal relationships are relevant for medical workers and determined by many factors. One of the powerful risk factors for increased anxiety in health workers is the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate anxiety among TB specialists in the Kuzbass region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study included 203 TB specialists. The study used the Spielberg-Khanin techniques – a questionnaire to identify the scale of situational and personal anxiety to evaluate anxiety depending on gender, work experience, nature of relationships in the team, place of work and position. Statistical processing included calculation of the median and interquarter range for numerical variables. For categorical variables we used Pearson's Chi-square with odds ratio calculation and 95% confidence intervals. Results. High personal and situational anxiety was registered among 34.9% of TB specialists. A low level of personal anxiety was found in 23.1%, while reactive anxiety - in 14.2% of people. The level of anxiety did not differ between physicians and medical nurses. A high level of personal anxiety was recorded among female medical workers. A low level of reactive anxiety was observed in hospital workers. A steady trend towards decreased levels of situational anxiety among medical workers with less than 25 years of work experience was also identified. Conclusion. Almost half of the employees of the TB service show high anxiety. High anxiety is more typical for females with less than 25 years of work experience, predominantly working in outpatient healthcare settings

1359 – The role of molecular genetic polymorphism drd4, dat in the formation of personal anxiety in an open population men 25-64 years in siberia

Objective: To distinguish peculiarities of subjective time perception and dominant emotion in persons with ischemic violations of cerebellar circulation and heart disease. Method: A chronometric sample method using an electronic chronoscope; the form and level of anxiety in accordance with the method of C. Spielberg, Y. Hanin “Scale of the level of reactive and personal anxiety”; methods of mathematical statistics: descriptive statistics, methods for determining the mean arithmetic deviation and the use of correlation relations between the value of the individual unit time of the individual and the form and level of anxiety. Results: It has been experimentally proved that patients with coronary heart disease (I20 for ICD10) predominate in the range of the continuous spectrum of “τ-types”: 0.8 s <τ <0.86 s, and their dominant emotion provoking exacerbation of the disease is a high level of situational anxiety; Patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disorder (cerebral infarction) (I63 for ICD-10) are mainly localized in the range of the continuous spectrum of “τ-types”: 0.94 s <τ <1.0 s, and their dominant emotion provoking exacerbation of the disease is high level of personal anxiety. Levels of anxiety in these categories of patients are consistent with the duration of the biological cycle of a human, who suffers from ischemic disorders. Conclusion: Experimentally proved the holistic view of psychosomatic unity of a person from the position of “locus minoris resistentiae”. The exacerbation of the ischemic cerebrovascular disorders manifestation and heart disease is consistent with the duration of the biological cycle of the individual’s life from the standpoint of the relational concept of time, and the emotional factor is dominant in the course of cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular diseases, which confirms the effectiveness of the concept of psychosomatic diseases course chronopsychological prediction.