Psychodidactic foundations of the formation of adolescents' ability to understand lyric poetry

Abstract

Problem and purpose. In the study of lyric works, there are tremendous opportunities to influence adolescents' personal formation, the development of their cognitive abilities, the enrichment of the value-semantic sphere. However, the insignificant progress of schoolchildren in understanding the lyrics during adolescence is noted, which is often a consequence of the dominance of didacticism in literature lessons. The research purpose is to determine the psychodidactic conditions for the development of adolescents' ability to understand lyric poetry. Methods. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the study: operationalization of a theoretical construct, expert evaluation method, experimental research, qualitative analysis of written responses, statistical data processing (descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test). The total sample consisted of 311 students in grades 6-8 from four state general education schools in Moscow. Results. A system of psychodidactic principles and methods of developing adolescents' ability to understand lyric works has been created. The system is formed by the principles of open individuality, integrity, polylogueness, multidimensionality, value hierarchy. These principles are operationalized by highlighting the techniques for their practical implementation and are used as the basis for organizing the process of studying lyrics, as well as creating a psychodidactic textbook. The effectiveness of using the developed system for solving the problem was revealed: after training, the experimental group showed a statistically significantly higher level of understanding of poems, both in comparison with the results of the control group (p <0.01) and in comparison with their own results of initial diagnostics (p <0.001). Discussion and conclusion. In the course of the study, it was determined that psychodidactic conditions necessary for the formation of adolescents' ability to understand lyric poetry are, firstly, the organization of the process of studying lyrics based on the principles of open individuality, integrity, polylogueness, multidimensionality, value hierarchy; secondly, the inclusion of a psychodidactic textbook in the subject-subject interaction of the teacher and students, which determines the strategy and tactics of the activities modeled in it in the lessons of studying lyrics. The implementation of the specified conditions allows building the educational process taking into account the principles of adolescents' mental development, contributes to a significant interaction of a student with himself, the teacher, other students, the studied works.