PSO Based Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for ISM Band

Abstract

Microstrip patch antenna has immense benefit in mobile satellite communication, WLAN's, GPS system, missiles, biomedical telemetry etc., due to its key features like less weight, ease of construction and fabrication, low cost etc., In this paper, a Compact Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed with inset feed and the size parameters are optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to achieve minimum return loss with better size miniaturization. The proposed antenna possesses minimum area consumption of 435 mm2 with return loss −30 dB and gain of 10 dB. Radiator is laid over low cost FR4 substrate material with $\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}}_{\mathrm{r}}$ of 4.4 with thickness, t of 1.57 mm. The antenna parameters such as return loss, current distribution, impedance, radiation pattern and directivity of the proposed microstrip patch antenna are also discussed. Results demonstrates that the proposed antenna possess minimum return loss of 57.8% and better size miniaturization of 58% by resonating at 2.45 GHz frequency (i.e. ISM band). Thereby, it is suitable for biomedical applications.