Pseudodynamic approach for computation of seismic passive earth resistance including seepage

Abstract

The present paper highlights the importance of seepage force on the seismic passive earth resistance when the backfill is saturated. Simple limit equilibrium analysis has been carried out. The seismic passive earth resistance has been calculated by using the pseudodynamic approach. For seepage two individual cases of the movement of water within the backfill have initially been considered and then based on the analysis a critical combination has been ascertained. Simple and easy to follow equations for modified seismic passive earth pressure coefficients have been developed. To study the effect of various parameters, a detailed parametric study has been carried out and critical recommendations have been made with regards to each one of these. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed methodology, results in the form of graphs and tables have been presented. These graphs, combined with the developed simple equations, can provide a cue to the design engineers about how the seepage force affects the seismic passive earth resistance.