Pseudo-phase transitions of Ising and Baxter–Wu models in two-dimensional finite-size lattices

Abstract

This article offers a detailed analysis of pseudo-phase transitions of Ising and Baxter–Wu models in two-dimensional finite-size lattices. We carry out Wang–Landau sampling to obtain the density of states. Using microcanonical inflection-point analysis with microcanonical entropy, we obtain the order of the pseudo-phase transitions in the models. The microcanonical analysis results of the second-order transition for the Ising model and the first-order transition for the Baxter–Wu model are consistent with the traditional canonical results. In addition, the third-order transitions are found in both models, implying the universality of higher-order phase transitions.