PS 14-05 LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT TYPE 2 DIABETES

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in asymptomatic hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Design and Method: A cross-sectional analytical study. Fifty consecutive hypertensive adults (HTN+) and another fifty with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (HTN+/DM+) were enrolled from the cardiology/diabetes clinics of Jos University Teaching Hospital. Relevant history, physical examination (including blood pressure measured according to standard guidelines), laboratory specimen (fasting plasma sugar and lipids, urea, creatinine and haemoglobin concentration) and electrocardiogram were obtained from the participants. Thereafter electrocardiography guided echocardiograph assessment of LV function was performed on each participant. Data was interpreted and subsequently analyzed using Epi info version 7 statistical software; p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 27 females and 29 females in the HTN+ and HTN+/DM+ groups respectively. The mean ages were 49 ± 8 and 49 ± 7 years respectively (p = 0.95). The comparison of mean values of the systolic and diastolic parameters measured is shown (table 1). The systolic parameters showed statistically significant differences for both genders. The HTN+/DM+ group had lower mean values of systolic parameters for both genders. Similarly, the HTN+/DM+ group had a higher prevalence of LVD compared to the HTN+ group (56% versus 30%, p < 0.01) and worse diastolic patterns (figure 1). In the HTN+ group, duration of hypertension and left atrial diameter correlated significantly with the systolic parameters. Both further emerged as independent predictors on multivariate regression analysis. In the HTN+/DM+ group, duration of DM correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic parameters while duration of hypertension correlated significantly with systolic parameters. Both further emerged as independent predictor on multivariate regression analysis (Data not shown). Conclusions: Left ventricular dysfunction is common in hypertensives; co-morbid diabetes mellitus worsens it. Early diagnosis with prompt treatment will significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.