Abstract
In order to evaluate the application potential of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heads and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) heads; proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, carnosine, and anserine contents were analyzed in this study. Rainbow trout heads showed significantly higher protein (29.31 g/100 g FW, FW is abbreviation of fresh weight) and lipid (6.03 g/100 g FW) contents than skipjack tuna heads (18.47 g/100 g FW protein and 4.83 g/100 g FW lipid) (p < 0.05). Rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads exhibited similar amino acid composition. Essential amino acids constituted more than 40% of total amino acids in both rainbow trout head and skipjack tuna head. The fatty acid profile was different between rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads. Rainbow trout heads mainly contained 38.64% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and 38.57% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), whereas skipjack tuna heads mainly contained 54.46% saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Skipjack tuna heads contained 4563 mg/kg FW anserine and 1761 mg/kg FW carnosine, which were both significantly higher than those of rainbow trout heads (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that both rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads may be used as materials for recycling high-quality protein. Meanwhile, rainbow trout heads can be used to extract oil with high contents of unsaturated fatty acids, while skipjack tuna heads may be a source for obtaining carnosine and anserine.
Highlights
Fish is an important food type in people0 s lives
All proximate parameters were significantly different between rainbow trout heads and skipjack tuna heads (p < 0.05)
The results indicate that skipjack tuna heads may be a good source for carnosine and anserine extraction, because of their low price and high contents of target substances
Summary
Fish is an important food type in people0 s lives. A proportion of the whole fish, which can not be consumed directly, is treated as by-product [1]. Fish by-products contain mainly head, skin, bone, and viscera. Only a small part of fish by-products are manufactured as feed ingredients and fertilizer. Most of the by-products are wasted by means of dumping and burying [2,3]. This behavior results in the loss of valuable compounds, and causes environmental and ecological issues. Fish heads constitute the major part of fish by-products, how to use them efficiently has received worldwide attention
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