Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle Breeds in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Timketa Dagne,Travis Gene O’Quinn,Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu,Jessie L Vipham,Mengistu Urgea Leta,Yesihak Yusuf Mummed

doi:10.4236/ojas.2021.112011

Timketa Dagne, Travis Gene O’Quinn + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.112011

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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine proximate composition and profile of fatty acid of beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle breeds in Ethiopia. A total of 39 bulls with three age categories were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar cattle breeds) and Ranch (Borana cattle breed). Complete randomized design was used for the study. Longissimus dorsi muscle was used to evaluate proximate composition and profile of fatty acid. The result of the study indicated that mean of percentage of dry matter, ash, crude fat and crude protein were ranging 22.43 - 24.26, 0.32 - 1.28, 4.32 - 7.88, 17.21 - 22.76, respectively. At age younger than 3 years, Harar bulls contain more crude fat compared to Arsi bulls while the vice versa was true for crude protein. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the three breeds studied across all age categories. However, significantly higher (P 0.01) PUFA and lowest (P 0.05) SFA found in Harar breed whereas the opposite hold true for Arsi bulls. Ratio of n-6: n-3 in the muscle of bulls under the study was ranged from 2.10 to 2.57. Concentration of PUFA and MUF in muscle of the three breeds were significantly affected (P 0.05) by age. From the study it was concluded that Arsi, Boran and Harar bulls under the three age categories contained more than 3% minimum crude fat that is required to insure palatability of the beef. The higher concentration of PUFA over SFA in all breeds across age categories indicated that the meat from these cattle breeds has less risk hazard to human health. However, a strategy needs to be developed to increase the ratio of n-6: n-3 to the nutritional recommendations by the World Health Organization which is 4:1 to 5:1. Moreover, the cause of the difference in proximate composition and profile of fatty acid between breeds under the study at different age categories needs to be investigated.

Highlights

Beef is the best source of animal proteins, micronutrients, and B-complex vitamins in the human diet
The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the three breeds studied across all age categories
From the study it was concluded that Arsi, Boran and Harar bulls under the three age categories contained more than 3% minimum crude fat that is required to insure palatability of the beef

Summary

Introduction

Beef is the best source of animal proteins, micronutrients, and B-complex vitamins in the human diet. The amount of fat in beef is the source of juiciness and marbling which are some of basic parameter that determines the eating qualities of meat. Excessive fat content is undesirable by consumers as it is associated with the risk of cardiovascular problems. Fat deposits in meat can be categorized as saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The proportion of these two categories of fat has human health implications. The higher fatty acid in meat is accompanied by a higher proportion of SFAs and a lower PUFA percentage [3]. Polyunsaturated (PUFA) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are known to have cholesterol-lowering properties, thereby limiting the risk of coronary problems [4]

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