Proximate Chemical Composition of Dried Shrimp and Tilapia Waste Bioflocs Produced by Two Drying Methods

Tarq Binalshikh-Abubkr,Marlia M Hanafiah,Simon Kumar Das

doi:10.3390/jmse9020193

Tarq Binalshikh-Abubkr, Marlia M Hanafiah + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020193

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Abstract

The effects of two waste sources, red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and two drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying) on the proximate chemical composition of bioflocs were investigated. In total, four kinds of experimentally treated bioflocs were compared to identify the best waste source and drying method to produce biofloc of an acceptable nutrient value: freeze-dried shrimp biofloc (FDSBF), oven-dried shrimp biofloc (ODSBF), freeze-dried tilapia biofloc (FDTBF), and oven-dried tilapia biofloc (ODTBF). The protein, lipid, ash, fiber, total nitrogen free extract (NFE), and energy contents of the dried bioflocs ranged from 12.12 to 24.09 g/100 g, 0.35 to 0.92 g/100 g, 42.45 to 61.01 g/100 g, 7.43 to 17.11 g/100 g, 16.45 to 18.59 g/100 g, and 0.99 to 1.94 Kcal g−1, respectively. Statistically, there were significant differences within the means of the two biofloc sources in terms of their proximate compositions (p < 0.05). The average values between the drying methods for protein, lipid, total NFE, and energy were also significantly different, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded for ash and fiber. Amino acids (AAs) were higher in FDTBF, followed by ODTBF. The mineral profiles showed that phosphorous, potassium, manganese, selenium, and copper were higher in the tilapia waste bioflocs, while calcium, zinc, iron, copper, chromium, and cobalt were higher in the shrimp waste bioflocs. Although the statistical analysis showed that the shrimp waste bioflocs had higher levels of lipid, fiber, total NFE, and minerals, the tilapia waste bioflocs contained higher levels of potential AAs, energy, and protein, which are regarded as expensive ingredients in aquaculture feeding. This study indicates that biofloc derived from tilapia waste can be regarded as a more suitable source of biofloc meal (in terms of protein, ash, energy, and AAs) than biofloc derived from shrimp waste. Our findings also suggest that freeze-drying is a more effective drying method for drying biofloc, as it efficiently maintains nutritional quality.

Highlights

IntroductionIn order to meet nutritional demands, global aquaculture production has been rapidly increasing in recent decades [1]
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.In order to meet nutritional demands, global aquaculture production has been rapidly increasing in recent decades [1]
To examine the proximate chemical composition of bioflocs collected from red hybrid tilapia and whiteleg shrimp tanks using biofloc systems, the freeze-dried bioflocs were obtained using a freeze-drying method, while the oven-dried bioflocs were obtained using an oven-drying method

Summary

Introduction

In order to meet nutritional demands, global aquaculture production has been rapidly increasing in recent decades [1]. Many negative effects have been associated with increasing aquaculture activities, such as the use of large quantities of water, the high cost of feed ingredients, especially fish meal and fish oil, and drainage of used aquaculture water, which is highly concentrated in toxic substances due to the high load of organic matter, nitrogen compounds, and phosphorus into the receiving water bodies [2,3,4]. In addition to the environmental impact, these substances have major negative effects on human health [5,6,7]. A sustainable aquaculture system is required to protect the environment, natural resources, and human health [8,9]

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