Abstract
A biotechnological process is reported, which enables an enzymatic reduction without the need for addition of an organic co-substrate for in situ-cofactor recycling. The process is based on merging the fields of enzymatic reductive amination with formate dehydrogenase-based in situ-cofactor recycling and algae biotechnology by means of the photoautotrophic microorganism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, providing the needed formate in situ by formation from carbon dioxide, water and light. This biotransformation has been exemplified for the synthesis of various aliphatic amines known as bulk chemicals.
Highlights
Biocatalytic reduction is well established on an industrial scale, but while d-glucose or formic acid in combination with a glucose dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, respectively, are highly attractive for fine chemicals production[1,2,3] such organic reducing agents would represent a severe cost factor in the field of bulk chemicals when being needed as a reagent added in stoichiometric amounts
For the conversion of carbon dioxide into formate via photosynthetic starch production, a two-stage process was applied with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a “green photocatalyst”
Starch consumed by fermentation is formed during photoautotrophic growth of the microalgal cell and originates from the reduction of carbon dioxide to d-glucose within the carbon fixing reactions of photosynthesis (Fig. 2A; left panel)
Summary
Biocatalytic reduction is well established on an industrial scale, but while d-glucose or formic acid in combination with a glucose dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, respectively, are highly attractive for fine chemicals production[1,2,3] such organic reducing agents would represent a severe cost (and potential waste) factor in the field of bulk chemicals when being needed as a reagent added in stoichiometric amounts. Synthesis of various bulk amines via an NADH-requiring amine dehydrogenase, driven by formate oxidation in the post-fermentation supernatant of microalgal cells.
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