Proučavanje korovske flore u usevu soje na lokalitetu Sremska Mitrovica i mogućnosti njene kontrole primenom herbicida

Abstract

For the purpose of studying the weed flora in soybeans and possibilities of its containment through an application of herbicides, research has been conducted in various agroecological conditions, over a two-year period (2011 and 2012.), through work on experimental plots and in the laboratory, on location Sremska Mitrovica (Srem). On the aforementioned locations floristic recordings of the weed flora were conducted, followed by a determination of the plant material, data sorting, a design of floristic tables, charts, pictures, etc. Based on the analysis of life forms, a life form classification was established for the flora in the investigated area. The flora of the investigated area shows a dominant presence of therophytes, and to a much lesser extent of geophytes. On localities Sremska Mitrovica all the established species belong to wide-spread floral elements. Apart from cosmopolites, there is a predominant presence of adventive, subcircumpolar, subeuroasian, and pontosubmediteranean geoelements. The pontosubmediteranean floral element is least represented. By way of an analysis of the ecological humidity indexes, of the chemical reaction of the environment (pH), of the contents of biogenic mineral matter (nitro compounds in particular), of light, and of temperature, a domination of neutrophilic plants (K3) was determined, as well as of eutrophic habitat plants (N4), light indicator taxons (S4), and thermophilic plants (T4) (an indicator of warm habitats). The taxonomic analysis of the weed flora in soy crops grown as part of the two-year experiments in a control test variant on the studied localities has shown the presence of vascular macrophyte species, whose genera and families were determined, as well as the belonging classes, Magnolipsida (Dicotyledone) and Liliopsida (Monocotyledones). The class of Magnolipsida is dominated by the representatives of the families Brassicaceae and Asteraceae, while the representatives of other families are fewer. The class of Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) is dominated by a small number of species from the Poaceae family. The total efficacy of the applied herbicides in the investigated areas is high, and was highly dependent upon the type and combination of herbicides, and to a lesser degree on the year of examination.